0102030405
I-Industrial Wastewater Treatment System ye-ETP Effluent Process Technologies
Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini abhekisela emanzini angcolile, indle kanye noketshezi olulahlwayo olukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezimboni, oluqukethe izinto zokukhiqiza ezimbonini, imikhiqizo ephakathi nendawo kanye nemikhiqizo elahleke ngamanzi, kanye nezinto ezingcolisayo ezikhiqizwa inqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni, izinhlobo namanani amanzi angcolile akhula ngokushesha, futhi ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi kuya ngokuya kuba kukhulu futhi kubi kakhulu, okusongela impilo nokuphepha kwabantu. Ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo, ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuhlanza indle kamasipala.
Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini (amanzi angcolile ezimbonini) ahlanganisa amanzi angcolile akhiqizwayo, indle yokukhiqiza kanye namanzi apholisayo, abhekisela emanzini angcolile kanye noketshezi olulahlwayo olukhiqizwa inqubo yokukhiqiza ezimbonini, oluqukethe izinto zokukhiqiza ezimbonini, imikhiqizo ephakathi, imikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo kanye nezinto ezingcolisayo ezidalwe ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ezilahlekile. ngamanzi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamanzi angcolile ezimboni anokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, amanzi angcolile embonini kasawoti e-electrolytic aqukethe i-mercury, amanzi angcolile ensimbi ancibilikisa izimboni aqukethe umthofu, i-cadmium nezinye izinsimbi, amanzi angcolile embonini ye-electroplating aqukethe i-cyanide ne-chromium nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, amanzi angcolile embonini yokuhluza i-petroleum aqukethe i-phenol, amanzi angcolile embonini yokukhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane aqukethe izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlukahlukene futhi njalo njalo. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ngokuvamile aqukethe izinto ezinobuthi ezihlukahlukene, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa okuphelele, ukuguqula ukulimala kube yinzuzo, futhi ngokusho kokwakheka nokugcwala kokungcola emanzini angcolile, thatha izinyathelo zokuhlanza ezihambisanayo. ukuze kulahlwe, ngaphambi kokukhishwa.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi angcolile
Ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezintathu zokuhlukanisa amanzi angcolile:
Eyokuqala ihlukaniswa ngokwezakhiwo zamakhemikhali zokungcola okuyinhloko okuqukethwe emanzini angcolile ezimbonini. Amanzi angcolile angaphili yiwona aqukethe izinto ezingcolisa izinto ezingaphili, kanti amanzi angcolile e-organic iwona aqukethe izinto ezingcolile eziphilayo. Isibonelo, amanzi angcolile e-electroplating kanye namanzi angcolile okucubungula amaminerali angamanzi angcolile angaphili; Amanzi angcolile aphuma ekudleni noma ekucutshungulweni kwe-petroleum angamanzi angcolile aphilayo.
Eyesibili ihlukaniswa ngokwemikhiqizo kanye nezinto ezicutshungulwa zamabhizinisi ezimboni, njengamanzi adoti ensimbi, amanzi angcolile okwenziwa ngamaphepha, amanzi alahlwa yigesi e-coking, amanzi angcolile ensimbi, amanzi alahlwa ngumanyolo wamakhemikhali, ukuphrinta izindwangu kanye nokudaya amanzi angcolile. , ukushukwa kwamanzi angcolile, amanzi angcolile ezibulala-zinambuzane, amanzi angcolile esiteshi sikagesi, njll.
Eyesithathu ihlukaniswa ngokwezingxenye eziyinhloko zezinto ezingcolile eziqukethwe emanzini angcolile, njengamanzi angcolile ane-asidi, amanzi angcolile ane-alkali, amanzi angcolile e-cyanogen, amanzi angcolile e-chromium, amanzi angcolile e-cadmium, amanzi angcolile e-mercury, amanzi angcolile e-phenol, amanzi angcolile e-aldehyde, amanzi alahlwayo kawoyela, i-organic wastewater. amanzi angcolile e-phosphorus kanye namanzi angcolile anemisebe.
Izigaba ezimbili zokuqala azibhekiseli ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko zokungcola okuqukethwe emanzini angcolile futhi azibonisi ukulimaza kwamanzi angcolile. Indlela yesithathu yokuhlukanisa iveza ngokucacile ukubunjwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo eziyinhloko emanzini angcolile, okungabonisa ukulimala kwamanzi angcolile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ebunzimeni bokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kanye nokulimala kwamanzi angcolile, ukungcola okuyinhloko emanzini angcolile kufingqiwe ngezigaba ezintathu: isigaba sokuqala ukushisa kwemfucuza, ikakhulukazi emanzini okupholisa, amanzi okupholisa angasetshenziswa kabusha; Isigaba sesibili izinto ezingcolile ezivamile, okungukuthi, izinto ezingenabo ubuthi obusobala futhi ezibola kalula, okuhlanganisa i-biodegradable organic matter, izinhlanganisela ezingasetshenziswa njengama-bionutrients, nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, njll. Isigaba sesithathu izinto ezingcolile ezinobuthi, okungukuthi, izinto ezinobuthi. futhi akulula ukucekela phansi i-biodegrade, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi ezisindayo, izinhlanganisela ezinobuthi nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo okungelula ukuwohloka.
Eqinisweni, imboni eyodwa ingakhipha amanzi angcolile amaningana emvelo ehlukene, futhi amanzi angcolile awodwa azoba nezinto ezingcolile ezihlukene kanye nemiphumela ehlukene yokungcola. Amafekthri odayi, isibonelo, akhipha kokubili amanzi angcolile ane-asidi nane-alkali. Ukuphrinta kwendwangu kanye nokudaya amanzi angcolile, ngenxa yezindwangu ezihlukene kanye nodayi, ukungcola kanye nemiphumela yokungcola kuzohluka kakhulu. Ngisho namanzi angcolile aphuma esitshalweni esisodwa sokukhiqiza angase aqukathe ukungcola okuningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isibonelo, i-distillation, ukukhwabanisa, i-coking, i-laminating namanye amadivaysi e-refinery tower oil vapor condensation amanzi, aqukethe i-phenol, uwoyela, i-sulfide. Ezinkampanini ezihlukene zezimboni, nakuba imikhiqizo, izinto ezingavuthiwe nezinqubo zokucubungula zihluke ngokuphelele, zingase futhi zikhiphe amanzi angcolile emvelo efanayo. Njengezindawo zokucwenga uwoyela, izitshalo zamakhemikhali kanye nezitshalo zegesi ye-coking, zingase zibe nowoyela, ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile e-phenol.
Izingozi zamanzi angcolile
1. Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ageleza ngokuqondile emiseleni, emifuleni nasemachibini ukuze angcolise amanzi angaphezulu. Uma ubuthi buphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, buzoholela ekufeni noma ngisho nokushabalala kwezitshalo nezilwane zasemanzini.
2. Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini angase futhi angene emanzini angaphansi komhlaba futhi angcolise amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela angcolise izitshalo.
3. Uma izakhamuzi ezizungezile zisebenzisa amanzi angaphezulu angcolile noma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba njengamanzi asekhaya, lokho kuzobeka impilo yazo engozini nokufa ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu.
4, ukungena kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini emhlabathini, okubangela ukungcoliswa komhlaba. Kuthinta ukukhula kwama-microorganisms ezitshalweni nasenhlabathini.
5, amanye amanzi angcolile ezimbonini nawo anephunga elibi, ukungcoliswa komoya.
6. Izinto ezinobuthi neziyingozi emanzini angcolile ezimbonini zizohlala emzimbeni ngokuphakelwa nokumuncwa kwezitshalo, bese zifinyelela emzimbeni womuntu ngochungechunge lokudla, zibangele ukulimala emzimbeni womuntu.
Umonakalo wamanzi angcolile ezimbonini emvelweni mkhulu, futhi "Isigameko saseMinamata" kanye "Nesigameko sikaToyama" "ezehlakalweni eziyisishiyagalombili ezinkulu zezingozi zomphakathi" ekhulwini lama-20 zidalwe ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini.
Isimiso sokwelashwa
Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kufanele kulandele izimiso ezilandelayo:
(1) Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuguqula inqubo yokukhiqiza futhi kuqedwe ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi angcolile anobuthi nayingozi ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ngangokunokwenzeka. Shintshanisa izinto ezinobuthi noma imikhiqizo ngezinto ezingenabo ubuthi noma imikhiqizo.
(2) Enqubweni yokukhiqiza izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinobuthi kanye nemikhiqizo nemikhiqizo ephakathi enobuthi, kuzokwamukelwa izinqubo zobuchwepheshe ezifanele kanye nezinto zokusebenza, futhi ukusebenza okuqinile nokuqondisa kuyosetshenziswa ukuze kuqedwe ukuvuza kanye nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa.
(3) Amanzi angcolile aqukethe izinto ezinobuthi obuphezulu, njengezinsimbi ezisindayo, izinto ezikhipha imisebe, ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-phenol, i-cyanide namanye amanzi angcolile kufanele ahlukaniswe namanye amanzi angcolile, ukuze kube lula ukwelashwa nokubuyiselwa kwezinto eziwusizo.
(4) Amanye amanzi angcolile anokugeleza okukhulu kanye nokungcola okuncane, njengamanzi angcolile okupholisa, akufanele akhishelwe epayipini lendle, ukuze angakhulisi umthwalo wezikhungo zokukhuculula indle nendle. Amanzi anjalo angcolile kufanele asetshenziswe kabusha ngemva kokwelashwa okufanele esitshalweni.
(5) Amanzi angcolile emvelo anesakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo ezifana nendle kamasipala, njengamanzi angcolile okwenza iphepha, amanzi angcolile akhiqiza ushukela kanye namanzi angcolile okucubungula ukudla, angakhishelwa ohlelweni lokukhucululwa kwendle lukamasipala. Kufanele kwakhiwe izindawo ezinkulu zokukhuculula indle, okuhlanganisa namachibi e-biological oxidation, amathange okukhuculula indle, izinhlelo zokuhlanza umhlabathi kanye nezinye izikhungo zokuhlanza ezilula nezinokwenzeka ezakhiwe ngokuvumelana nezimo zendawo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo ezincane zokuhlanza indle, izitshalo ezinkulu zokuhlanza indle azikwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokwakha kanye nokusebenza kwenhloko-dolobha, kodwa futhi kulula ukugcina izimo zokusebenza ezinhle kanye nemiphumela yokwelapha ngenxa yokuzinza kobuningi bamanzi kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi.
(6) Amanye amanzi angcolile anobuthi angakwazi ukubola, njengamanzi angcolile aqukethe i-phenol ne-cyanide, angakhishelwa emiseleni yasemadolobheni ngokwezinga elivumelekile lokulahla ngemva kokwelashwa embonini, kanye nokuqhubeka nokwelashwa kokucekelwa phansi kwe-biooxidative yisikhungo sokukhuculula indle.
(7) Amanzi angcolile aqukethe izinto ezingcolile ezinobuthi okunzima ukucekela phansi i-biodegrade akufanele akhishelwe ezindleleni zasemadolobheni futhi athuthelwe ezikhungweni zokukhuculula indle, kodwa kufanele aphathwe ngokwehlukana.
Umkhuba wokuthuthuka wokuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini uwukusebenzisa kabusha amanzi angcolile kanye nezinto ezingcolisayo njengezinsiza eziwusizo noma ukusebenzisa amanzi avaliwe.
Indlela yokwelapha
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha amanzi angcolile e-organic refractory ahlanganisa i-chemical oxidation, ukukhishwa, i-adsorption, ukushiswa, i-catalytic oxidation, indlela ye-biochemical, njll. Indlela ye-biochemical inenqubo evuthiwe, imishini elula, umthamo omkhulu wokwelapha, izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza, futhi futhi indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile.
Kumaphrojekthi okuhlanza amanzi angcolile, izinqubo zendabuko zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, ezifana nendlela ye-A/O, indlela ye-A2/O noma izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe, zisetshenziswa kakhulu. Inqubo yodaka eyenziwe yasebenza emanzini angcolile iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokwelapha emanzini angcolile. Udaka olucushiwe luyindlela yokwelapha yokwenziwa esebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu enendawo enkulu ethize, umsebenzi ophezulu kanye nokudluliswa kwenqwaba okuhle.
Indlela yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini:
1. I-ozone oxide:
I-ozone inemiphumela yokuhlanza kanye ne-disinfection ngenxa yomthamo wayo oqinile we-oxidation, ngakho lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile e-xanthate. I-ozone oxidation iyindlela ephumelelayo yokususa i-xanthate kwisisombululo esinamanzi.
2. Indlela ye-Adsorption:
I-Adsorption iyindlela yokwelapha amanzi esebenzisa ama-adsorbents ukuhlukanisa ukungcola emanzini. Indlela ye-Adsorption isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinsizakusebenza ezicebile kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu. Ama-adsorbents ajwayelekile acushiwe i-carbon, i-zeolite, i-cinder nokunye.
3. Indlela ye-Catalytic oxidation:
Ubuchwepheshe be-Catalytic oxidation buyindlela esebenzisa ama-catalysts ukusheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezinto ezingcolisayo nama-oxidants emanzini angcolile futhi kukhishwe ukungcola emanzini. Indlela ye-Catalytic oxidation ihlanganisa: indlela ye-photocatalytic oxidation, indlela ye-electrocatalytic oxidation. Le ndlela inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nemiphumela ephawulekayo. Kuwubuchwepheshe be-oxidation obuthuthukisiwe futhi bunomphumela omuhle kakhulu ekwelapheni amanzi amdaka emboni anzima.
4. Indlela ye-coagulation kanye nemvula:
Indlela ye-coagulation precipitation iyindlela evamile yokwelashwa kokuhlanza okujulile kwendle ngokusebenzisa i-coagulant. Kudingekile ukwengeza usizo lwe-coagulant kanye ne-coagulant emanzini ukuze kuphazamiseke izinto ze-colloidal okunzima ukuzikhipha kanye ne-polymerize nomunye nomunye, ukuze zixazulule futhi zisuse. Ama-coagulant asetshenziswa kakhulu usawoti wensimbi, usawoti oyinsimbi, usawoti we-aluminium kanye ne-polymer.
5. Indlela yebhayoloji:
Indlela yebhayoloji ngokuvamile yengeza ama-microorganisms emanzini angcolile e-xanthate, ilawula ngokwenziwa izimo zokudla okunomsoco ezifanele ukukhiqizwa kwawo, futhi isebenzisa isimiso sokuwohloka kanye ne-metabolism yento ephilayo ukwelapha amanzi angcolile e-xanthate. Izinzuzo zezobuchwepheshe zendlela yebhayoloji ziwumphumela omuhle kakhulu wokwelapha, akukho noma ukungcola okuncane kwesibili kanye nezindleko eziphansi.
6. Indlela ye-Microelectrolysis:
Indlela ye-Micro-electrolysis iwukusebenzisa isistimu yebhethri elincane elakhiwe umehluko ongaba khona endaweni ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuhlanzwa kwe-electrolytic. Le ndlela ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukwelapha amanzi angcolile aphilayo okunzima ukuwehlisa. Inezici zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ububanzi bezenzo, izinga eliphezulu lokususwa kwe-COD kanye ne-biochemistry yamanzi angcolile ethuthukisiwe.
Inhloso yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile iwukuhlukanisa ukungcola emanzini angcolile ngandlela-thile, noma ukubola kube izinto ezingenangozi nezinzile, ukuze indle ihlanzeke. Ngokuvamile ukuvimbela ukutheleleka koshevu namagciwane; Ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa okuhlukile, gwema izinto ezibonakalayo ezinamaphunga ahlukene kanye nemizwa engathandeki.
Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukukhetha indlela yokwelapha kufanele kubhekwe ngokwezinga lamanzi kanye nenani lamanzi angcolile, amanzi atholakalayo akhishiwe noma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukwelashwa nokusetshenziswa kodaka nezinsalela ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokungcoliswa kwesibili okungaba khona, kanye nokugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-flocculant.
Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kuncike emvelweni, ukwakheka, izidingo zekhwalithi zamanzi zokungcola emanzini angcolile. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile zingahlukaniswa cishe zibe indlela yomzimba, indlela yamakhemikhali kanye nendlela yebhayoloji.
Indlela engokomzimba: ukusetshenziswa kwesenzo somzimba ukwelapha, ukuhlukanisa kanye nokubuyisela ukungcola emanzini angcolile. Isibonelo, izinhlayiya ezimisiwe ezinokuminyana okuhlobene okukhulu kuno-1 emanzini zisuswa ngendlela yemvula futhi zitholakale ngesikhathi esifanayo; I-Flotation (noma i-air flotation) ingasusa amaconsi kawoyela we-emulsion noma izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe ezinobuningi obuhlobene eduze no-1; Indlela yokuhlunga ingasusa izinhlayiya ezimisiwe emanzini; Indlela yokuhwamuka isetshenziselwa ukugxilisa izinto ezingaguquguquki ezincibilikayo emanzini angcolile.
Izindlela zamakhemikhali: ukutholwa kwemfucuza encibilikayo noma izinto ezixubile ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali noma izenzo ze-physicochemical. Isibonelo, izindlela zokungathathi hlangothi zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa amanzi angcolile ane-asidi noma ane-alkali; Indlela yokukhipha isebenzisa "ukusabalalisa" kwemfucuza encibilikayo ngezigaba ezimbili ezinokuncibilika okuhlukile ukuze kubuyiselwe ama-phenol, izinsimbi ezisindayo, njll. Indlela ye-REDOX isetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola okuncishiswayo noma oksijini emanzini angcolile futhi kubulale amagciwane e-pathogenic emanzini emvelo.
Indlela yebhayoloji: ukusebenzisa isenzo se-biochemical ye-microorganisms ukwelapha izinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile. Isibonelo, ukucwengwa kwebhayoloji kanye nodaka olucushiwe kusetshenziswa ukwelapha indle yasekhaya noma amanzi angcolile okukhiqizwa kwemvelo ukuze kuhlanzeke izinto eziphilayo ngokuziguqula futhi zilulaze zibe usawoti wezinto ezingaphili.
Izindlela ezingenhla zinobubanzi bazo bokuzivumelanisa nezimo, kumele zifunde komunye nomunye, ziphelelisane, kuvame ukuba nzima ukusebenzisa indlela engafinyelela umphumela wokubusa okuhle. Hlobo luni lwendlela esetshenziswayo ukwelapha uhlobo oluthile lwamanzi angcolile, okokuqala, ngokwezinga lamanzi kanye nenani lamanzi angcolile, izidingo zokukhishwa kwamanzi emanzini, inani lezomnotho lokubuyiswa kwemfucuza, izici zezindlela zokwelashwa, njll., kanye bese ngophenyo nocwaningo, ukuhlolwa kwesayensi, futhi ngokuhambisana nezinkomba zokuchithwa kwamanzi angcolile, isimo sesifunda kanye nokuba nokwenzeka kwezobuchwepheshe futhi kunqunywa.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula
Ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kwemithombo yokungcoliswa kwezimboni ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokulawulwa kwemvelo, ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kwemvelo kwamabhizinisi ezimboni, ukunaka ukulawulwa kokungcola kwamabhizinisi amakhulu naphakathi nendawo, nokuqinisa ukuphathwa kwemvelo kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo. Sizoqhubeka nokuqalisa uhlelo lokumemezela nokubhalisa, uhlelo lokushaja kanye nohlelo lwezimvume zokulahla ukungcola ngamabhizinisi, siqinise ukuqapha kwemithombo yokungcolisa, simise izindawo zokukhuculula indle, siqaphe njalo ukusebenza kwezikhungo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, futhi siqede isidala. amandla okukhiqiza, izinqubo kanye nemishini. Amaphrojekthi amasha azophathwa ngokuqinile futhi agunyazwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokulawulwa kokukhipha ukungcola ngokuphelele.
Ukwenza ngcono uhlelo lokushaja indle futhi kugqugquzelwe ukusebenza kwezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini Yenza izinguquko ezifanele ohlelweni lokushaja indle, unqume kabusha isimiso sokushaja indle, indlela yokushaja kanye nemigomo yayo yokuphatha nokusetshenziswa, ukusungula indlela entsha yokushaja indle, ukuze uhlelo lokushaja indle luhambisana nokusebenza kwezikhungo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ngamabhizinisi.
Izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe zokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini
1. Ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo: lungisa ukwakheka komkhiqizo futhi uthuthukise ukwakheka kwefomula yomkhiqizo;
2. Ukulawulwa komthombo wokukhiqiza udoti: amandla, izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuguqulwa kwemishini kanye nokuqanjwa okusha
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza okuphelele: ukugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha;
4. Thuthukisa ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza: uhlelo lokuzibophezela ngemuva, uhlelo lokuqeqesha abasebenzi, uhlelo lokuhlola), ukucutshungulwa kwesiphetho (ukunqunywa kweziqu zokucubungula -- ukucubungula ubuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo -- ukuhlela okujwayelekile
Ukugaywa kabusha kwamanzi angcolile embonini
Ukwelashwa nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokonga amanzi, okungabandakanya ukupholisa, ukususwa komlotha, ukujikeleza kwamanzi, ukushisa nezinye izinhlelo. Uhlelo lwamanzi okupholisa lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhambeni, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo kanye ne-cascade ngokuya ngezidingo zekhwalithi zamanzi ezahlukene zohlelo. Isistimu ye-thermal isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuvuselela nokusetshenziswa kwe-steam. Ukugeleza kwamanzi kwezinye izinhlelo kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhipha umlotha osebenza ngamanzi kanye nokususwa kwe-slag ngemva kokwelashwa, futhi amanzi anhlobonhlobo okukhiqiza nokuphila aphinde aphathwe njengamanzi aphendula uhlelo lokupholisa.
Amabhizinisi amaningi anezindawo zokuhlanza indle, kodwa kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi angcolile kanye nezindinganiso zokuhlanza indle yasekhaya ngemva kokulahlwa ngokuqondile, amabhizinisi ambalwa kuphela angakwazi ukuhlanza nokuwasebenzisa kabusha amanzi angcolile, kodwa izinga lokugaywa kabusha aliphezulu, okuholela ekumoshweni okukhulu kwemithombo yamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthwa kwendle kanye namanzi angcolile kwamabhizinisi ezimboni kungasetshenziswa kabusha, ikakhulukazi inqubo yokukhiqiza, enamandla amakhulu okuthentwa.
Ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni amabhizinisi, ngokwezidingo ezihlukene zekhwalithi yamanzi enqubweni ngayinye, ukusetshenziswa kochungechunge lwamanzi kungenziwa kuze kufike ezingeni eliphezulu, ukuze inqubo ngayinye ithole lokho ekudingayo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okugeleza kungenziwa. okuzuziwe, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhoxiswa kwamanzi kanye nokunciphisa ukuchithwa kwendle; Izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlanza amanzi nazo zingathathwa ngokuya ngezakhiwo ezahlukene zendle kanye namanzi angcolile, angasetshenziswa ezinyathelweni ezihlukene zokukhiqiza, ukuze kuncishiswe inani lamanzi ahlanzekile athathiwe futhi kuncishiswe ukuchithwa kwendle.
Amandla okonga amanzi okuhlanza nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi mahle kakhulu. Imboni yokukhiqiza imishini yezokuthutha, ingaba ngamanzi angcolile anamafutha, amanzi angcolile e-electrophoresis, ukusika amanzi angcolile ahlanzekile nokuhlanza uketshezi lokuhlanza amanzi, ukugaywa kabusha ukuze kutshalwe, ukuphila okuxubile nokukhiqiza. Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwe-organic embonini ye-petrochemical, i-condensate ye-steam ingaphinda isetshenziswe futhi isetshenziswe njengesithasiselo samanzi sohlelo lokujikeleza. Amanzi omthombo asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza aphinde asetshenziswe futhi asetshenziswe njengokugcwalisa amanzi ohlelweni lokujikeleza; Futhi kungandisa ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwedivayisi yokucubungula ukujula kwamanzi, amanzi aphathwe njengamanzi esistimu yokujikeleza; Amanye ama-cooler kanye nezingxenye ezikhethekile zidinga ukupholisa amanzi ngenqubo, kodwa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe amanzi kungacatshangelwa. Imboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya izindwangu iyimboni yezimboni esebenzisa amanzi amaningi. Amanzi angcolile achithwa izinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza enqubweni yokukhiqiza angaphathwa futhi aphinde asetshenziswe kule nqubo, noma wonke amanzi angcolile angahlanzwa endaweni emaphakathi futhi aphinde asetshenziswe ewonke noma ingxenye yawo. Imboni kabhiya ingafaka idivayisi yokubuyisela i-condensate, inciphise ngokuphumelelayo amanzi okubhayela; Amanzi okugeza amabhodlela eshabhu yokufaka amabhodlela angaphinde asetshenziswe ukuze asetshenziswe i-alkali Ⅰ, i-alkali Ⅱ amanzi omshini wokuwasha amabhodlela, amanzi omshini wokuvala inzalo, okokusebenza kanye nokukhucululwa kwendle kwezitshalo, njll. ingcindezi, ingasetshenziselwa ukususa uthuli lwamatshe kubhayela kanye nokukhipha i-sulfurization, i-slag, ukushaywa kwezindlu zangasese, ukuhlanza indawo eluhlaza kanye nokugezwa kwezindawo ezimbi, ukuwashwa kwezimoto, amanzi asendaweni yokwakha, njll. Amanzi angcolile aphuma kukolo angaphathwa futhi aphinde asetshenziswe ekukhipheni uthuli kubhayela kanye ne-desulfurization.
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