0102030405
Isihlungi se-Plate Frame Membrane Cindezela Izisetshenziswa Zenqubo Yokuqeda amanzi e-Industrial Sludge
Isingeniso Sephrojekthi
Izimboni zokufaka izicelo zomshini wokucindezela isihlungi:
Umshini wokucindezela izihlungi usuphenduke umshini obalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yokuklama kwawo okuhlakaniphile nokusebenza kwawo. Izihlungi zokunyathelisa zinezinkambu ezihlukahlukene zokufaka isicelo futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile kumakhemikhali, izimayini, ukudla nesiphuzo, ezemithi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezinye izimboni.
Embonini yamakhemikhali, imishini yokuhlunga isetshenziselwa ukucubungula inani elikhulu lemfucuza yamakhemikhali futhi kukhishwe kahle izinsiza ezisebenzisekayo kabusha. Amandla okuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile omshini wokuhlunga ayenza ifaneleke ukuphatha udoti wamakhemikhali.
Ezimbonini zezimayini nezensimbi, izihlungi zokucindezela zisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ngempumelelo okuqinile notshwala bensimbi ngesikhathi sokukhipha kanye nokucutshungulwa kwensimbi. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokusebenza kwezimayini futhi kuvumela izinsiza ezibalulekile ukuthi zibuyiswe.
Imboni yokudla neziphuzo iphinde ithembele kakhulu emishinini yokuhlunga ukuze ihlukanise imikhiqizo ewuketshezi emsulwa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwekhwalithi ephezulu nemikhiqizo yesiphuzo.
Embonini yezemithi, ukusetshenziswa komshini wokuhlunga kubalulekile ekuhlanzeni nasekucaciseni izixazululo zemithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, imishini yokuhlunga idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile ezimbonini kanye nendle yasekhaya. Ngokunciphisa ngempumelelo amazinga okungcoliswa kwamanzi, umshini wokuhlunga usiza ukuthuthukisa ukusimama kwemvelo.
Isimiso sokusebenza somshini wokuhlunga kanye nezindawo zayo zokusebenza kuwenza ithuluzi elinamandla ekukhiqizeni izimboni. Ikhono layo lokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenzisa kahle izinsiza kuyenza ibe ucezu lwesisetshenziswa esibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi.
Ngamafuphi, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi komshini wokuhlunga ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwawo ezinqubweni zokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile. Ngokuthola ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi izihlungi zokuhlunga zisebenza kanjani kanye nezicelo zazo, izimboni zingasebenzisa ngokugcwele lezi zisetshenziswa ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zazo zokuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile oluqinile. Ukuhlukahluka kwemishini yokuhlunga kuyenza ibe yimpahla ebalulekile ezinqubweni zesimanje zezimboni, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokuhlanza udaka nokukhipha amanzi.
Isakhiwo semishini yokucindezela isihlungi:
Umshini wokucindezela isihlungi uwuhlobo lwemishini yokuhlunga evame ukusetshenziswa, esetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni, njengokulahlwa kwendle, amakhemikhali, imithi, ukudla nezinye izimboni. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlunga izinto futhi uhlukanise ngokuphumelelayo uketshezi nokuqinile, ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuhlanzwa, ukuhlukaniswa nokugxila. Isakhiwo semishini yokucindezela isihlungi sakhiwe ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezilandelayo:
1. Imidiya yokuhlunga. Imidiya yokuhlunga njengendwangu yokuhlunga noma i-mesh idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlungeni nasekuhlukaniseni. Ivumela uketshezi ukuthi ludlule ngenkathi igcina izinhlayiya eziqinile, ngaleyo ndlela yenza inqubo yokuhlukanisa ibe lula. Ukukhethwa kwesihlungi semidiya kuncike endaweni yohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezidingo ezithile zokuhlunga.
2. Ipuleti lokuhlunga. Ipuleti lokuhlunga liyingxenye eyinhloko yemishini futhi liqukethe amapuleti okuhlunga amaningi. Ngokusebenzisa i-hydraulic system, amapuleti acindezelwa ukuze enze isikhala sokuhlunga esivalekile. Lokhu kuvumela okokusebenza ukuthi kungene kusihlungi semidiya ngaphansi kwengcindezi, okuvumela ukuhlungwa okusebenzayo koketshezi.
3. Uhlelo lwe-hydraulic lusebenza njengomthombo wamandla womshini wokuhlunga. Iqukethe ipompo ye-hydraulic, isilinda sikawoyela, i-hydraulic valve, njll. Ipompo ye-hydraulic iphampa uwoyela kusilinda kawoyela, futhi induku yepiston kusilinda kawoyela iphusha ipuleti lokuhlunga ukuze licindezele into ukuthi ihlunge futhi ihlukanise okokusebenza.
4. Uhlelo lokulawula luyindlela emaphakathi yokulawula nokulawula umshini wokuhlunga. Iqukethe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zokulawula kanye nezinzwa, kuhlanganise nekhabhinethi yokulawula kagesi, iphaneli yokusebenza, inzwa yokucindezela, njll. Uhlelo lokulawula ludlala indima ebalulekile ekuqapheni nasekulawuleni uhlelo lwe-hydraulic ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle komshini wokuhlunga.
5. Uhlaka lomshini wokuhlunga lusebenza njengesakhiwo sokusekela yonke into. Ivamise ukwakhiwa kusetshenziswa amaphrofayili ensimbi ahlukahlukene kanye namapuleti ukuze kunikeze ukuzinza nokuqina emshinini wokuhlunga. Ukuqina nokuqina kwe-rack kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza nempilo yesevisi yemishini.
6. Idivayisi yokuhlanza iyingxenye ebalulekile yomshini wokuhlunga futhi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuhlanza izinto zokuhlunga kanye namapuleti okuhlunga. Idivayisi yokuhlanza ngokuvamile ihlanganisa imibhobho yokuhlanza, amaphampu okuhlanza namathangi okuhlanza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcinwa okulungile nempilo yesevisi yomshini wokuhlunga.
7. Idivayisi yeselula: idivayisi yeselula ingenye yamadivayisi asizayo omshini wokuhlunga, osetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhambisa ipuleti lokuhlunga kanye nendawo yokuhlunga. Amadivayisi eselula ngokuvamile akhiwa amapulatifomu eselula, amafreyimu eselula, njll., angakhethwa ngokuya ngezinkambu ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezidingo zokuhlunga.
Okungenhla isingeniso esifushane sesakhiwo semishini yokucindezela isihlungi. Kungase kube nomehluko othile esakhiweni sezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokucindezela isihlungi, kodwa ngokuvamile akhiwa izingxenye ezingenhla. Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo semishini yokucindezela isihlungi kulungele ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kangcono kwemishini yokucindezela isihlungi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini futhi kwandise impilo yesevisi yemishini.
Sekukonke, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo semishini yokucindezela isihlungi ukukhulisa inqubo yokuhlunga nokuhlukanisa. Ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwemishini yakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umshini wokucindezela isihlungi sepuleti, umshini wokuhlunga ipuleti noma umshini wokuhlunga ulwelwesi, ukusebenza kahle kwazo zonke izingxenye kubalulekile ekwelashweni okusebenzayo kodaka nokukhipha amanzi.
Umgomo wokusebenza womshini wokucindezela ipuleti nesihlungi sohlaka:
Inqubo yokusebenza yokucindezela isihlungi sepuleti kanye nozimele ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa ukuvalwa kwepuleti lesihlungi, isihlungi sokuphakelayo, i-diaphragm extrusion, ukuvunguza okuphakathi nendawo, ukuthulula ipuleti.
Intuthuko yakamuva ekuhlanzweni kwegesi engcolile imele inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekuxazululeni izinselele zemvelo kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngamathuba kumabhizinisi ukuze aphumelele ngendlela eqhubekayo, ehambisana nemvelo. Lesi sixazululo esisha kufanele sibe nomthelela omuhle emikhakheni yokwelashwa kwegesi engcolile kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ngesithembiso saso sokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okungapheli.
1) Vala umshini wokuhlunga bese ucindezela ipuleti lokuhlunga. Iphampu kawoyela enengcindezi ephansi iqala ukulayisha, futhi ipuleti lokuhlunga liqala ukuvala. Lapho ingcindezi ingaphezu kuka-5 MPa, iphampu kawoyela enengcindezi ephansi iyama, bese kuqala impompi kawoyela enengcindezi ephezulu. Lapho ingcindezi ifinyelela inani elimisiwe (inani elimisiwe lamanje liyi-30 ~ 34 MPa), ipompo likawoyela elicindezelayo liyayeka ukusebenza, futhi ukuvalwa komshini wokuhlunga kuqediwe.
2) Ngemuva kokuthi isinyathelo sokuvala sesihlungi sokuphakela sesiqediwe, iphampu yokudla izoqala ukuphakela ngokwenqubo ebekiwe. Okubalulekile kungena emshinini wokuhlunga wepuleti kanye nohlaka, futhi ukucindezela kokuphakelayo kwenza i-filtrate idlule endwangu yokuhlunga, futhi okuqinile kubanjwa yindwangu yokuhlunga ukuze kwakheke ikhekhe lokuhlunga. Ngokuqhubeka kokuhlunga, ukucindezela kokuhlunga kuyaqhubeka kwanda, igumbi lokuhlunga ligcwaliswa kancane kancane ngekhekhe lokuhlunga, futhi ukucindezela okuphakelayo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi kuhlala kungashintshile isikhathi eside. Ngokukhula kwesikhathi sokudla, ukugeleza kokuphakelayo kwehla kwaya ku-8 m3/min, futhi ingcindezi yokudla yafinyelela ku-0. Uma cishe i-7MPa, iphampu yokudla iyeka ukusebenza. Phakathi nenkathi yokudla, ingcindezi yesilinda esiyinhloko iyashintsha, futhi iphampu kawoyela enomfutho ophezulu izosebenza ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ihlangabezane nenani lokucindezela elimisiwe.
3) Inani elimisiwe lokucindezela kokuphakelayo namandla okukhipha ukuze kunwetshwe futhi kukhishwe ipuleti le-diaphragm ngu-0.7MPa kanye ne-1.3MPa ngokulandelanayo. Iphampu ye-extrusion iqala ukusebenza, futhi okokusebenza kucindezela ngamandla futhi kuphelelwe amanzi ngomfutho we-diaphragm. Inqubo ye-extrusion iqedwa lapho ukucindezela okuhleliwe kufinyelelwa. Amanzi akhishiwe aphindiselwa ngepayipi ebhakedeni elikhishiwe. Amanzi okuhlunga akhishwa ngendwangu yokuhlunga, izinto eziqinile zivinjelwe indwangu yokuhlunga, futhi okuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-sludge kuthuthukiswa nakakhulu.
I-4) Ngemuva kokuthi i-centre back blowing ingcindezi ye-extrusion ifinyelela inani elibekiwe, qala isikhungo emuva sishaye ngokuvumelana nohlelo olumisiwe. Ngokuvamile, inani elimisiwe le-central back blowing pressure liyi-0.5MPa, elingathuthukisa isihlungi esiqinile sekhekhe lokuhlunga, lisuse kahle insalela yepayipi lokuphakela, ligweme ukuvaleka kwepayipi lokuphakela, futhi lithuthukise impilo yesevisi indwangu yokuhlunga.
I-5) Vula iphampu yamafutha omfutho ophezulu womshini wokuhlunga ukuze uqale, i-valve ehlehlisayo isebenza, amafutha ku-cylinder eyinhloko iqala ukubuyela ku-tank yamafutha, futhi ingcindezi iqala ukukhululeka. Lapho ukucindezela kwehla kufinyelele cishe ku-18 MPa, iphampu kawoyela enengcindezi ephezulu iyama, iphampu kawoyela enengcindezi ephansi iqala ukusebenza, ingcindezi yehla ngokushesha ibe cishe ku-0.4 MPa, umshini wokuhlunga uyavulwa, bese ubuyela endaweni yokuqala.
Izici ezinomthelela wokucindezela okokuhlunga:
1. Isici sokucindezela
Isici esiyinhloko esithinta umphumela wokuhlunga womshini wokuhlunga ukulawula ukucindezela. Njengoba sonke sazi, umgomo oyinhloko wokusebenza komshini wokuhlunga uwukubona umsebenzi wokuhlunga ngokulawula nokulungiswa kokucindezela, ngakho ikhwalithi yesistimu yokucindezela ihlobene ngokuqondile nekhwalithi yomphumela wokuhlunga.
2. Isici sesivinini
Esinye isici esithinta ukusebenza komshini wokuhlunga ijubane lokuhlunga. Manje abakhiqizi abaningi baphishekela ngobumpumputhe isivinini sokuhlunga umkhiqizo futhi bashaya indiva ingqikithi yokuhlunga. Eqinisweni, ngokusho kokugxila koketshezi nokumelana nezinye izici ezihlukene okufanele zicatshangelwe kanye nokusabalalisa okufanele kokusetshenziswa kwejubane lomshini, okungaphambi kokuthengwa kwabaklami badinga ukuklama ngokwabo.
3. Isici sendawo yokuhlunga
Izinto ezithinta umphumela wokuhlunga womshini wokuhlunga indawo yokuhlunga. Njengoba sonke sazi, indawo enkulu yesihlungi, ukugeleza kwento ngokushesha ngesihlungi, okusele kuzosuswa kuyo, futhi umphumela wokuhlunga uzoba mubi kakhulu. Impela, ukuminyana okufanayo akukukhulu njengendawo encane yesihlungi. Nokho, le ndlela yokuqhathanisa ayisebenzi emikhiqizweni enezindawo ezinezikhala ezihlukene.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Sludge: Izinzuzo zomshini we-Filter Presses:
Umshini wokuhlunga uyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile embonini yokwelapha udaka. Asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa okuqinile noketshezi olusuka kudaka futhi eze ngezinhlobo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukucindezela kokuhlunga kwepuleti, umshini wokuhlunga wepuleti nohlaka, kanye nokucindezela kwesihlungi se-membrane. Le mishini ibalulekile ekukhipheni amanzi ngodaka futhi ifakwe izici ezithuthukisiwe zokuthuthukisa inqubo yokuhlunga. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo zomshini wokuhlunga:
1. Khulisa isivinini sokuhlunga:
Umshini wokunyathelisa wesihlungi usebenzisa ipuleti lesihlungi sephoyinti lekholomu e-convex ukuze kwandiswe indawo yokuqhuba amanzi esebenzayo futhi kufinyelele isivinini sokuhlunga ngokushesha. Lo mklamo uphinde uvumele i-filtrate ukuthi igeleze kunoma iyiphi indlela, ifinyeze inqubo yokuhlunga.
2. Idizayini enemisebenzi eminingi futhi elula:
Imbobo yokuphakelayo itholakala maphakathi nepuleti lokuhlunga. Inosayizi omkhulu we-pore, ukumelana okuncane ngisho nokusabalalisa kwamandla, okwenza ifanele izinto ezihlukahlukene eziyinselele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idizayini esebenziseka kalula ivumela ukufakwa kalula nokushintshwa kwendwangu yokuhlunga, kuthuthukise ukunethezeka nokuqina.
3. Izinto eziqinile nezimelana namakhemikhali:
Izihlungi zokunyathelisa zakhiwe ngezinto eziqinisiwe ze-polypropylene, ezaziwa ngokuzinza, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokungangeni kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kungakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zokwelashwa kodaka futhi kunciphisa umfutho wokusebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
4. Ukusebenza okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile:
Idizayini yefreyimu enengqondo kanye nendlela yokwenza ngokuhlanganyela, kuhlanganiswe nengcindezi ye-hydraulic kanye nezinto zikagesi, kunciphisa amandla okusebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini. Ukugcina ukucindezela okuzenzakalelayo kanye negeji yengcindezi yokuxhumana nogesi, ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuthembekile.
5. Thuthukisa amandla okuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni:
Ukusetshenziswa kwamapuleti okuhlunga ulwelwesi emishinini yokuhlunga kuvumela ikhekhe lokuhlunga ukuthi liphelelwe amanzi ngokuphelele. Lesi sici sizuzisa kakhulu ezintweni ezinomswakama ophezulu futhi sithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
6. Izinketho zokonga isikhathi nezizenzakalelayo:
Eminye imishini yokuhlunga ingenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, iqede isidingo sokudonsa nokuthulula amapuleti, ngaleyo ndlela yonge isikhathi nomsebenzi.
Kafushane, izinzuzo zomshini wokuhlunga, okufaka isivinini esikhulayo sokuhlunga, ukuklama okuguquguqukayo, ukuqina, ukusebenza kahle, amakhono athuthukisiwe okukhipha amanzi kanye nezinketho ze-automation, kubenza babe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphatha udaka kanye nemisebenzi yokukhipha amanzi. Lezi zici ezithuthukisiwe ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu nokukhiqiza embonini.
Ungabhekana kanjani nezimbangela ze-grouting emshinini wokuhlunga:
Kungase kube nezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani umshini wokuhlunga ungase ugxume. Ukuqonda izimbangela ezingase zibe khona kanye namakhambi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kwakho kusebenza kahle nangempumelelo.
Amandla okucindezela anganele esilinda kawoyela azobangela i-grouting emshinini wokuhlunga. Le nkinga ingaxazululwa ngokulungisa ukucindezela noma ukusebenzisa isilawuli sokuthuthukisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucindezela okwanele.
Enye imbangela engase ibe imbangela ye-grouting ukucindezela kwephampu yokudla ngokweqile. Kulesi simo, i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa ukucindezela kumazinga avamile.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola ukuthi indwangu yokuhlunga ayifakwanga kahle noma yonakele. Indwangu yokuhlunga idinga ukuhlanzwa futhi ishintshwe ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushelela futhi akukho monakalo.
I-viscosity ephezulu yezinto zokuhlunga nayo ingaholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga noma ukufafaza. Kubalulekile ukuhlonza imbangela ngokushesha futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga.
Izinkinga ngomshini wokuminyanisa, njengokunganele noma amandla okucindezela angalingani, zingase futhi zibangele i-grout emshinini wokuhlunga. Le nkinga idinga ukuxazululwa ngokulungisa indlela yokucindezela nokuqina.
Ukwengeza, i-roller yelineni engalingani ingabangela i-grout. Kubalulekile ukulungisa indawo yokufaka i-roller yelineni ukuze uqinisekise ibhalansi nokugcina umphumela omuhle wokuhlunga.
Ukungcola okusendaweni yokuvala kwepuleti lokuhlunga kanye nokulimala endaweni evalekile kufanele kubhekwane nakho ngokushesha, indawo yokuvala kufanele ihlanzwe kahle, futhi indwangu yokuhlunga kufanele ishintshwe njengoba kudingeka.
Izinkinga zesistimu ye-Hydraulic, njengamazinga aphansi kawoyela noma i-valve yokusiza eyonakele, nayo ingabangela i-grouting. Ukunakekelwa okufanele noma ukulungiswa kuyadingeka ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga.
Kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo isimo sazo zonke izingxenye zomshini wakho wokuhlunga. Ukugcinwa nokulungiswa okudingekayo kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele ngokuvumelana nesimo sangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile nokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwemishini. Ngokwamukela lezi zindlela, izimbangela ze-grouting emshinini wokuhlunga zingabhekwana nazo ngokuphumelelayo futhi ukusebenza kahle nokuthembekile kwemishini kungaqinisekiswa.
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