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Liindasteri tsa Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Metsi a Litšila tsa ETP Effluent Process Technologies
Metsi a litšila a indasteri a bolela metsi a litšila, a likhoerekhoere le litšila tse hlahisoang nakong ea tlhahiso ea indasteri, e nang le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea indasteri, lihlahisoa tse mahareng le lihlahisoa tse lahlehileng ka metsi, hammoho le litšila tse hlahisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso. Ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea indasteri, mefuta le bongata ba metsi a litšila li ntse li eketseha ka potlako, 'me tšilafalo ea metsi e ntse e eketseha le e tebileng, e sokelang bophelo bo botle le polokeho ea batho. Bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, phekolo ea metsi a litšila a indasteri e bohlokoa ho feta ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere tsa 'masepala.
metsi a litšila a indasteri (metsi a litšila a indasteri) a kenyelletsa metsi a litšila a hlahisoang, likhoerekhoere tsa tlhahiso le metsi a pholileng, a bua ka metsi a litšila le litšila tse hlahisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea indasteri, e nang le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea indasteri, lihlahisoa tse mahareng, lihlahisoa le litšila tse hlahisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso. ka metsi. Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea metsi a litšila a indasteri a nang le motsoako o rarahaneng. Mohlala, metsi a litšila a indasteri ea letsoai ea electrolytic a na le mercury, metsi a litšila a tšepe a boima a na le lead, cadmium le litšepe tse ling, metsi a litšila a indasteri ea electroplating a na le cyanide le chromium le lisebelisoa tse ling tse boima, metsi a litšila a indasteri e hloekisang peterole a na le phenol, metsi a litšila a indasteri a etsang chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana a na le chefo e fapaneng e bolaeang likokoanyana. joalo-joalo. Hobane metsi a litšila a indasteri hangata a na le mefuta e fapaneng ea lintho tse chefo, tšilafalo ea tikoloho e kotsi haholo bophelong ba batho, ka hona hoa hlokahala ho nts'etsapele ts'ebeliso e felletseng, ho fetola kotsi hore e be molemo, 'me ho latela sebopeho le bongata ba litšila metsing a litšila, ho nka mehato e ts'oanang ea tlhoekiso. bakeng sa ho lahla, pele o tsoa.
Sehlopha sa metsi a litšila
Hangata ho na le mekhoa e meraro ea ho arola metsi a litšila:
Ea pele e arotsoe ho ea ka lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa litšila tse ka sehloohong tse nang le metsi a litšila a indasteri. Metsi a litšila ke ona a ka sehloohong a nang le litšila tse sa pheleng, 'me metsi a litšila ke ona a ka sehloohong a nang le lintho tse silafatsang. Ka mohlala, metsi a litšila a electroplating le metsi a litšila a sebetsang ka liminerale ke metsi a litšila a sa tloaelehang; Metsi a litšila a tsoang lijong kapa ho sebetsa petroleum ke metsi a litšila.
Ea bobeli e arotsoe ho ea ka lihlahisoa le lintho tse sebetsanang le likhoebo tsa indasteri, joalo ka metsi a litšila a metallurgical, metsi a litšila a pampiri, metsi a litšila a coking, metsi a litšila a tšepe, metsi a litšila a lik'hemik'hale, khatiso ea masela le ho daea metsi a litšila, ho daea metsi a litšila. , ho chesa metsi a litšila, metsi a litšila a chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, metsi a litšila a setsi sa motlakase, joalo-joalo.
Ea boraro e arotsoe ho ea ka likarolo tsa mantlha tsa litšila tse ka metsing a litšila, joalo ka metsi a litšila a acidic, metsi a litšila a alkaline, metsi a litšila a cyanogen, metsi a litšila a chromium, metsi a litšila a cadmium, metsi a litšila a mercury, metsi a litšila a phenol, metsi a litšila a aldehyde, metsi a litšila a oli, metsi a litšila a sebabole. metsi a litšila a phosphorus le metsi a litšila a radioactive.
Likarolo tse peli tsa pele ha li bue ka likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa litšila tse nang le metsi a litšila 'me ha li bontše kotsi ea metsi a litšila. Mokhoa oa boraro oa lihlopha o bontša ka ho hlaka sebopeho sa litšila tse ka sehloohong tsa metsi a litšila, tse ka bontšang kotsi ea metsi a litšila.
Ho phaella moo, ho tloha bothateng ba ho hloekisa metsi a litšila le kotsi ea metsi a litšila, lintho tse ka sehloohong tse silafatsang metsing a litšila li akaretsoa ka mekhahlelo e meraro: sehlopha sa pele ke mocheso oa litšila, haholo-holo ho tloha metsing a pholileng, metsi a pholileng a ka sebelisoa hape; Sehlopha sa bobeli ke litšila tse tloaelehileng, ke hore, lintho tse se nang chefo e totobetseng 'me li ka senyeha habonolo, ho akarelletsa le lintho tse phelang tse phelang, metsoako e ka sebelisoang e le likokoana-hloko, le lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, joalo-joalo Sehlopha sa boraro ke litšila tse chefo, ke hore, lintho tse nang le chefo. 'me ha ho bonolo ho li senya, ho kenyelletsa le litšepe tse boima, metsoako e chefo le metsoako ea lintho tse phelang tseo ho seng bonolo ho li senya.
Ebile, indasteri e le 'ngoe e ka ntša metsi a litšila a mangata a mefuta e fapaneng,' me metsi a litšila a tla ba le litšila tse fapaneng le litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa tšilafalo. Ka mohlala, lifeme tsa dae li ntša metsi a litšila a nang le asiti le a alkaline. Ho hatisoa ha masela le ho daea metsi a litšila, ka lebaka la masela a fapaneng le dae, ts'ilafalo le litlamorao tsa tšilafalo li tla fapana haholo. Esita le metsi a litšila a tsoang setsing se le seng sa tlhahiso a ka ’na a ba le lintho tse silafatsang tse ’maloa ka nako e le ’ngoe. Ka mohlala, distillation, cracking, coking, laminating le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa refinery tora oli mouoane condensation metsi, e nang le phenol, oli, sulfide. Likhoebong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri, leha lihlahisoa, lisebelisoa tse tala le lits'ebetso tsa ts'ebetso li fapane ka ho felletseng, li ka boela tsa ntša metsi a litšila a mofuta o tšoanang. Tse kang lihlahisoa tsa oli, limela tsa lik'hemik'hale le limela tsa khase ea coking, li ka 'na tsa e-ba le oli, phenol metsi a litšila a tsoang.
Likotsi tsa metsi a litšila
1. Metsi a litšila a liindasteri a phalla ka kotloloho likanaleng, linōkeng le matšeng ho silafatsa metsi a ka holimo. Haeba chefo e batla e phahame, e tla lebisa lefung kapa esita le ho fela ha limela le liphoofolo tsa metsing.
2. Metsi a litšila a indasteri le ’ona a ka ’na a kenella metsing a ka tlas’a lefatše ’me a silafatsa metsi a ka tlas’a lefatše, kahoo a silafatsa lijalo.
3. Haeba baahi ba haufi ba sebelisa metsi a silafetseng a holim'a metsi kapa a ka tlas'a lefatše e le metsi a malapeng, sena se tla beha bophelo ba bona kotsing le lefu maemong a tebileng.
4, metsi a litšila a kenngoa ka har'a mobu, a baka tšilafalo ea mobu. E ama kholo ea likokoana-hloko limela le mobu.
5, metsi a litšila a indasteri a boetse a na le monko o mobe, tšilafalo ea moea.
6. Lintho tse chefo le tse kotsi metsing a litšila a indasteri li tla sala 'meleng ka ho fepa le ho monya limela, ebe li fihla' meleng oa motho ka ketane ea lijo, li baka kotsi 'meleng oa motho.
Tšenyo ea metsi a litšila a indasteri tikolohong e kholo, 'me "Ketsahalo ea Minamata" le "Ketsahalo ea Toyama" "liketsahalong tse robeli tse kholo tsa likotsi tsa sechaba" lekholong la bo20 la lilemo li bakoa ke tšilafalo ea metsi a litšila a indasteri.
Molao-motheo oa phekolo
Phekolo e sebetsang ea metsi a litšila a indasteri e lokela ho latela melaoana e latelang:
(1) Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke ho fetola mokhoa oa tlhahiso le ho felisa tlhahiso ea metsi a litšila a chefo le a kotsi mosebetsing oa tlhahiso ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Fetola lintho kapa lihlahisoa tse chefo ka thepa kapa lihlahisoa tse seng chefo.
(2) Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse chefo le lihlahisoa le lihlahisoa tse chefo, ho tla amoheloa mekhoa le lisebelisoa tse utloahalang tsa thekenoloji, 'me ts'ebetso e tiileng le tlhokomelo e tla kenngoa ts'ebetsong ho felisa ho lutla le ho fokotsa tahlehelo.
(3) Metsi a litšila a nang le lintho tse chefo haholo, joalo ka lirafshoa tse ling tse boima, lintho tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi, phenol e ngata, cyanide le metsi a mang a litšila a lokela ho arohanngoa le metsi a mang a litšila, e le ho thusa ho phekola le ho hlaphoheloa ha lintho tse molemo.
4 Metsi a joalo a litšila a lokela ho sebelisoa hape ka mor'a phekolo e nepahetseng semela.
(5) Metsi a litšila a nang le sebopeho le thepa e ts'oanang le likhoerekhoere tsa masepala, joalo ka metsi a litšila a etsang pampiri, metsi a litšila a hlahisoang ke tsoekere le metsi a litšila a lokisang lijo, a ka tšeloa tsamaisong ea likhoerekhoere ea masepala. Ho lokela ho hahuoa limela tse kholo tsa likhoerekhoere, ho kenyeletsoa matangoana a oxidation ea likokoana-hloko, litanka tsa likhoerekhoere, mekhoa ea ho hloekisa mobu le lisebelisoa tse ling tse bonolo le tse ka khonehang tsa phekolo tse hahiloeng ho latela maemo a sebaka seo. Ha ho bapisoa le limela tse nyenyane tsa ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere, limela tse kholo tsa likhoerekhoere li ke ke tsa fokotsa haholo litšenyehelo tsa ho haha le ho sebetsa, empa hape ho bonolo ho boloka maemo a matle a ts'ebetso le liphello tsa phekolo ka lebaka la botsitso ba bongata ba metsi le boleng ba metsi.
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(7) Metsi a litšila a nang le litšila tse chefo tseo ho leng thata ho li senya ha aa lokela ho tšeloa ka har'a likhoerekhoere tsa litoropong ebe a isoa litsing tsa likhoerekhoere, empa a lokela ho hloekisoa ka thoko.
Mokhoa oa nts'etsopele ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila liindasteri ke ho sebelisa metsi a litšila le litšila e le lisebelisoa tse molemo kapa ho tsamaisa phepelo e koetsoeng.
Mokhoa oa phekolo
Mekhoa e ka sehloohong ea ho phekola metsi a litšila a phahameng a refractory a kenyelletsa lik'hemik'hale, ho ntša, adsorption, incineration, catalytic oxidation, biochemical method, joalo-joalo. mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo ho hloekisa metsi a litšila.
Mererong ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, mekhoa ea setso ea biochemical, e kang mokhoa oa A / O, mokhoa oa A2 / O kapa mekhoa e ntlafetseng, e sebelisoa haholo. Ts'ebetso ea seretse e kentsoeng ts'ebetsong ea lik'hemik'hale tsa biochemical ea metsi a litšila ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo oa pheko ea tlhaho ea metsi a litšila. Seretse se ts'oetsoeng ke mokhoa o sebetsang ka ho fetesisa oa tlhaho oa tlhaho oa tlhaho o nang le sebaka se seholo se ikhethileng, ts'ebetso e phahameng le phetisetso e ntle ea bongata.
Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila indastering:
1. Ozone oxide:
Ozone e na le liphello tsa ho hloekisa le ho thibela likokoana-hloko ka lebaka la matla a eona a matla a oxidation, kahoo theknoloji ena e sebelisoa haholo ho phekola xanthate metsi a litšila. Ozone oxidation ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho tlosa xanthate tharollong ea metsi.
2. Mokhoa oa Adsorption:
Adsorption ke mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi o sebelisang li-adsorbents ho arola lintho tse silafatsang le metsi. Mokhoa oa Adsorption o sebelisoa haholo ka lebaka la lisebelisoa tse ngata tse tala le ts'ebetso ea theko e phahameng. Li-adsorbents tse tloaelehileng ke activated carbon, zeolite, cinder joalo-joalo.
3. Mokhoa oa Catalytic oxidation:
Theknoloji ea Catalytic oxidation ke mokhoa o sebelisang li-catalyst ho potlakisa ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale lipakeng tsa litšila le li-oxidants metsing a litšila le ho tlosa litšila metsing. Mokhoa oa catalytic oxidation o kenyelletsa: mokhoa oa ho etsa oxidation oa photocatalytic, mokhoa oa electrocatalytic oxidation. Mokhoa ona o na le mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa le liphello tse tsotehang. Ke theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea oxidation 'me e na le phello e ntle haholo kalafong ea metsi a litšila a liindasteri a thata.
4. Mokhoa oa ho kopanya le pula:
Coagulation precipitation method ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho hloekisa metsi a likhoerekhoere ka ho sebelisa coagulant. Hoa hlokahala ho eketsa thuso ea coagulant le coagulant ho metsi ho senya lintho tsa colloidal tseo ho leng thata ho li fokotsa le ho etsa polymerize le tse ling, e le ho rarolla le ho tlosa. Li-coagulant tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo ke letsoai la tšepe, letsoai la ferrous, letsoai la aluminium le polymer.
5. Mokhoa oa baeloji:
Mokhoa oa baeloji ka kakaretso o eketsa likokoana-hloko ho xanthate metsi a litšila, o laola ka maiketsetso maemo a phepo e nepahetseng bakeng sa tlhahiso ea oona, 'me o sebelisa molao-motheo oa ho senyeha le metabolism ea lintho tse phelang ho phekola xanthate metsi a litšila. Melemo ea tekheniki ea mokhoa oa baeloji ke phello e ntle ea kalafo, ha ho na tšilafalo e nyane ea bobeli le litšenyehelo tse tlase.
6. Mokhoa oa Microelectrolysis:
Mokhoa oa Micro-electrolysis ke ho sebelisa sistimi ea betri e nyane e entsoeng ke phapang e ka bang teng sebakeng ho fihlela sepheo sa tlhoekiso ea electrolytic. Mokhoa ona o loketse ka ho khetheha bakeng sa phekolo ea metsi a litšila a manyolo ao ho leng thata ho a senya. E na le litšoaneleho tsa ts'ebetso e phahameng, ts'ebetso e fapaneng, sekhahla se phahameng sa ho tlosoa ha COD le biochemistry ea metsi a litšila e ntlafalitsoeng.
Sepheo sa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila ke ho arola lintho tse silafatsang metsing a litšila ka tsela e itseng, kapa ho li senya hore e be lintho tse se nang kotsi le tse tsitsitseng, e le hore likhoerekhoere li ka hloekisoa. Ka kakaretso ho thibela tšoaetso ea chefo le likokoana-hloko; Ho finyella litlhoko tsa tšebeliso e fapaneng, qoba lintho tse bonahalang tse nang le monko o sa tšoaneng le maikutlo a sa thabiseng.
Tlhoekiso ea metsi a litšila e rarahane haholo, 'me khetho ea mokhoa oa ho hloekisa e tlameha ho nkoa ho latela boleng ba metsi le bongata ba metsi a litšila, metsi a tsoang ho metsi a tsoang kapa tšebeliso ea metsi. Ka nako e ts'oanang, hoa hlokahala ho nahana ka phekolo le tšebeliso ea litšila le masala a hlahisoang nakong ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila le tšilafalo ea bobeli e ka bang teng, hammoho le ho tsosolosa le ho sebelisoa ha flocculant.
Khetho ea mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila e itšetlehile ka tlhaho, sebopeho, maemo le litlhoko tsa boleng ba metsi a litšila metsing a litšila. Mekhoa e akaretsang ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila e ka aroloa ka mokhoa oa 'mele, mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale le mokhoa oa baeloji.
Mokhoa oa 'mele: ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea 'mele ho phekola, ho arola le ho khutlisa litšila metsing a litšila. Ka mohlala, likaroloana tse emisitsoeng tse nang le boima bo lekanang ho feta 1 metsing li tlosoa ka mokhoa oa pula 'me li tsosolosoa ka nako e le' ngoe; Flotation (kapa air flotation) e ka tlosa marotholi a oli ea emulsion kapa lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng ka sekhahla se haufi le 1; Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa o ka tlosa likaroloana tse emisitsoeng ka metsing; Mokhoa oa mouoane o sebelisoa ho tsepamisa lintho tse sa fetoheng tse qhibilihang metsing a litšila.
Mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale: ho khutlisa litšila tse qhibilihang kapa lintho tsa colloidal ka karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale kapa liketso tsa physicochemical. Ka mohlala, mekhoa ea ho se nke lehlakore e sebelisoa ho fokotsa metsi a litšila a acidic kapa alkaline; Mokhoa oa ho ntša o sebelisa "kabo" ea litšila tse qhibilihang ka mekhahlelo e 'meli e nang le solubility e fapaneng ea ho tsosolosa phenols, litšepe tse boima, joalo-joalo Mokhoa oa REDOX o sebelisetsoa ho tlosa litšila tse fokotsang kapa tsa oxidizing metsing a litšila le ho bolaea libaktheria tsa pathogenic metsing a tlhaho a metsi.
Mokhoa oa bophelo: ho sebelisa tšebetso ea lik'hemik'hale tsa likokoana-hloko ho phekola lintho tse phelang metsing a litšila. Mohlala, ho hloekisoa ha lintho tsa tlhaho le litšila tse kentsoeng tšebetsong ho sebelisoa ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere tsa ka tlung kapa metsi a litšila a hlahisoang ke lintho tse phelang ho hloekisa lintho tse phelang ka ho li fetola le ho li theola hore e be matsoai a sa tloaelehang.
Mekhoa e ka holimo e na le sebaka sa bona sa ho ikamahanya le maemo, e tlameha ho ithuta ho e mong, ho tlatsana, hangata ho thata ho sebelisa mokhoa o ka finyellang phello e ntle ea puso. Ke mokhoa oa mofuta ofe o sebelisetsoang ho phekola mofuta oa metsi a litšila, pele ho tsohle, ho latela boleng ba metsi le bongata ba metsi a litšila, litlhoko tsa ho ntša metsi bakeng sa metsi, boleng ba moruo ba ho tsosolosa litšila, litšobotsi tsa mekhoa ea phekolo, joalo-joalo, joale ka lipatlisiso le lipatlisiso, liteko tsa saense, 'me ho ea ka matšoao a ho tsoa ha metsi a litšila, boemo ba libaka le bokhoni ba botekgeniki le ho ikemisetsa.
Mehato ea thibelo le taolo
Ho matlafatsa tsamaiso ea mehloli ea tšilafalo ea indasteri ho kenya tšebetsong litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa taolo ea tikoloho, ho matlafatsa taolo ea tikoloho ea likhoebo tsa indasteri, ho ela hloko taolo ea tšilafalo ea likhoebo tse kholo le tse mahareng, le ho matlafatsa taolo ea tikoloho ea likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng. Re tla tswelapele ho kenya tshebetsong tsamaiso ya kgoeletso le ngodiso, mokgwa wa ho tjhaja le mokgwa wa ditumello bakeng sa ho qhalwa ha ditshila ke dikgwebo, re matlafatse ho lekola mehlodi ya tshilafalo, re beakanya diphaello tsa dikgwerekgwere, ho beha leihlo kamehla tshebetso ya ditsi tsa hlwekiso ya metsi a dikgwerekgwere, le ho fedisa dintho tse siilweng ke nako. matla a tlhahiso, mekhoa le lisebelisoa. Merero e mecha e tla laoloa ka thata le ho amoheloa ho latela litlhoko tsa taolo e felletseng ea litšila tse silafatsang.
Ntlafatsa sistimi ea likhoerekhoere le ho khothaletsa ts'ebetso ea lits'ebetso tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila tsa indasteri Ho etsa litokiso tse nepahetseng tsamaisong ea tefiso ea likhoerekhoere, ho rera bocha molao-motheo oa tefiso ea likhoerekhoere, mokhoa oa ho tjhaja le melaoana ea ona ea tsamaiso le ts'ebeliso, ho theha mokhoa o mocha oa tefiso ea likhoerekhoere. Sistimi ea litefiso tsa likhoerekhoere e loketse ts'ebetso ea lits'ebetso tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila tsa indasteri ke likhoebo.
Mehato ea tekheniki ea ho thibela le ho laola tšilafalo ea metsi a litšila tsa indasteri
1. Ntlafatso ea sehlahisoa: lokisa sebopeho sa sehlahisoa le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa foromo ea sehlahisoa;
2. Taolo ea mohloli oa litšila: matla, lisebelisoa tse tala le ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, phetoho ea lisebelisoa le boqapi.
3. Tšebeliso e pharaletseng ea litšila: ho tsosolosa le ho sebelisoa hape;
4. Ntlafatsa taolo ea tlhahiso: sistimi ea boikarabello ba poso, sistimi ea koetliso ea basebetsi, sistimi ea tlhahlobo), ts'ebetso ea terminal (boitlamo ba degree ea ho sebetsa -- theknoloji ea ho sebetsa le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso -- kemiso e tloaelehileng
Tšebeliso ea metsi a litšila ea indasteri
Phekolo ea metsi a litšila a indasteri le ho sebelisoa hape ke e 'ngoe ea litsela tsa bohlokoa tsa ho boloka metsi, e ka kenyelletsang ho pholile, ho tlosa molora, ho potoloha metsi, mocheso le mekhoa e meng. Tsamaiso ea metsi a pholileng e sebelisoa haholo-holo ho potoloha, mohato ka mohato le ho phalla ho latela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa boleng ba metsi a tsamaiso. Thermal system e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa le ho sebelisoa ha mouoane. Metsi a litsamaiso tse ling a sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa hydraulic molora le slag ka mor'a ho phekoloa, 'me metsi a sa tšoaneng bakeng sa tlhahiso le bophelo a nkoa e le ho arabela metsi bakeng sa tsamaiso ea ho pholisa.
Likhoebo tse ngata li na le limela tsa ho hloekisa metsi a likhoerekhoere, empa ke feela litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso ea metsi a litšila le mekhoa ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere ka mor'a ho tsoa ka ho toba, ke likhoebo tse 'maloa feela tse ka khonang ho hloekisa metsi a litšila le ho li sebelisa hape, empa sekhahla sa ho tsosolosa ha se phahameng, se bakang tšenyo e tebileng ea mehloli ea metsi. Ka hona, ts'ebetso ea likhoerekhoere le metsi a litšila ea likhoebo tsa indasteri li ka sebelisoa hape, haholo-holo bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, e nang le monyetla o moholo oa ho ts'oaroa.
Tlhahisong le ts'ebetsong ea likhoebo, ho ea ka litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa boleng ba metsi ts'ebetsong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, letoto la tšebeliso ea metsi le ka phethahala ho isa tekanyong e phahameng, e le hore ts'ebetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fumane seo e se hlokang, 'me tšebeliso ea metsi ea cascade e ka ba teng. finyelloa, e le ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha metsi le ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha likhoerekhoere; Mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho hloekisa metsi e ka boela ea nkoa ho ea ka thepa e fapaneng ea likhoerekhoere le metsi a litšila, a ka sebelisoang mehatong e fapaneng ea tlhahiso, e le ho fokotsa palo ea metsi a hloekileng a nkiloeng le ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha likhoerekhoere.
Monyetla oa ho boloka metsi oa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila le ho sebelisoa hape o moholo. Indasteri ea tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa lipalangoang, e ka ba metsi a litšila a mafura, metsi a litšila a electrophoresis, ho khaola metsi a litšila le ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, ho sebelisoa hape bakeng sa botala, ho phela ka mefuta e fapaneng le tlhahiso. Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea manyolo indastering ea petrochemical, condensate ea mouoane e ka sebelisoa hape 'me ea sebelisoa e le tlatsetso ea metsi ea tsamaiso ea potoloho. Metsi a seliba a sebelisetsoang tlhahiso a sebelisoa hape 'me a sebelisoa e le ho tlatsa metsi tsamaisong ea potoloho; Hape e ka eketsa sesebelisoa sa ts'ebetso ea botebo ba ho sebelisa metsi hape, metsi a hloekisitsoeng joalo ka mokhoa oa ho potoloha metsi; Li-coolers tse ling le likarolo tse khethehileng li hloka hore metsi a pholisoe, empa ho sebelisoa metsi hape ho ka nahanoa. Indasteri ea khatiso ea masela le ho daea ke indasteri ea indasteri e sebelisang metsi a mangata. Metsi a litšila a ntšoang ke mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahiso nakong ea tlhahiso a ka hloekisoa ebe a sebelisoa hape ts'ebetsong ena, kapa metsi 'ohle a litšila a ka hloekisoa bohareng le ho sebelisoa hape ka botlalo kapa karolo e itseng. Indasteri ea biri e ka kenya sesebelisoa sa ho hlaphoheloa ha condensate, ka katleho ho fokotsa metsi a boiler; Metsi a ho hlatsoa libotlolo tsa workshop ea canning a ka sebelisoa hape bakeng sa alkali Ⅰ, alkali Ⅱ metsi a mochini o hlatsoang libotlolo, metsi a mochini oa sterilization, lisebelisoa le bohloeki ba limela, joalo-joalo. khatello, e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tlosa lerōle la majoe a boiler le ho tlosa lerōle, slag, ho hlatsoa matloana, ho tala le ho senya masimo a mabe, ho hlatsoa likoloi, metsi a sebaka sa kaho, joalo-joalo.
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