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Domestic Wastewater Treatment System Process Equipment Sewage Management Plant
Kugadziriswa kwetsvina yemudzimba kunoreva kurapwa kwetsvina inogadzirwa muhupenyu hwevagari vemuguta, kuitira kuti inosangana nemirairo yekubuda uye isingakonzere kusvibiswa kune zvakatipoteredza. Kukosha kwekugadziriswa kwetsvina yemumba kunozviratidza, izvo zvinoenderana nehutano hwevanhu uye kusimudzira kwakasimba kwenzvimbo.
Chekutanga, tsvina yemumba ine huwandu hukuru hwe organic zvinhu uye tupukanana, kana yakadzingirwa zvakananga mukati mezvakatipoteredza, inokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwakakomba kumuviri wemvura. Aya ma organic matter uye ma microorganisms anopedza oxygen mumuviri wemvura, zvichikonzera kushata kwemhando yemvura uye kukanganisa kupona kwehupenyu hwemumvura. Uye zvakare, tsvina yemumba inewo yakawanda yenitrogen, phosphorus uye zvimwe zvinovaka muviri, kana zvikaiswa mumvura, zvinotungamira kune mvura eutrophy-inokonzera algae blooms, inokanganisa kunaka kwemvura uye ecological balance.
Chechipiri, tsvina yemumba inewo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokuvadza, senge heavy metals, organic matter, zvisaririra zvezvinodhaka zvichingodaro. Kana zvinhu izvi zvikaburitswa zvakanangana nharaunda, zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kumitumbi yemvura nevhu, uye zvichikonzera kukuvadza kune ecosystem uye hutano hwevanhu. Naizvozvo, kurapwa kunoshanda kwetsvina yemumba chiyero chakakosha chekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu
Pamusoro pezvo, kurapwa kwetsvina yemumba kunogonawo kuona kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa. Tsvina yemumba ine huwandu hwakakura hwezvinhu zvinovaka muviri uye zvinovaka muviri, izvo zvinogona kushandurwa kuita organic fetereza uye biogas uye zvimwe zviwanikwa mushure mekurapwa kwakakodzera, kuitira kuti uone kudzokororwa kwezviwanikwa uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa.
Hupenyu hwezuva nezuva tsvina yemvura, Kutaura zvazviri, chikamu chiduku chete chemvura yakasvibiswa yakagadziriswa, uye yakawanda yacho inobudiswa zvakananga munzizi pasina kurapwa. Zvakaipa mumaguta madiki.
Tsvina uye zvichingodaro kazhinji hazvibviswe zvakananga, asi kune matanho ekuunganidza.
Kuumbwa kwezvinosvibisa mumvura yetsvina kwakaoma zvakanyanya uye kwakasiyana, uye zvakaoma kune chero nzira yekurapa kuzadzisa chinangwa chekucheneswa kwakakwana, uye kazhinji zvinotora nzira dzakati wandei kuumba nzira yekurapa kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekurapa.
Zvinoenderana nedhigirii rekurapa rakasiyana, iyo tsvina yekurapa system inogona kukamurwa kuita yekutanga kurapwa, yechipiri kurapwa uye kurapa kwepamusoro.
Kurapa kwekutanga kunongobvisa zvakamira zvakamira mumvura yetsvina, kunyanya nenzira dzemuviri, uye mvura inoraswa yakacheneswa kazhinji haigone kuzadzisa zviyero zvekuburitsa.
Kune yechipiri processing system, yekutanga kugadzirisa ndeye pre-processing. Kunyanya kushandiswa kwechipiri kurapwa ndeye biological treatment, iyo inogona kubvisa zvakanyanya colloidal uye yakanyungudutswa organic zvinhu mumvura ine tsvina, kuitira kuti tsvina isangane nemitemo yekubuda. Zvisinei, mushure mekurapa kwechipiri, kuchine humwe huwandu hwezvinhu zvakamiswa, zvakanyungudutswa organic matter, yakanyungudutswa inorganic matter, nitrogen uye phosphorus uye mamwe algae proliferation nutrients, uye ine mavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya.
Naizvozvo, haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro yekuburitsa, senge kurapwa mukati diki kuyerera, murombo dilution kugona kwerwizi kunogona kukonzera kusvibiswa, haigone kushandiswa zvakananga semvura yepombi, mvura yemaindasitiri uye pasi pevhu recharge sosi. Kurapa kwepamusoro ndekwekuwedzera kubvisa zvinosvibisa zvisingagoni kubviswa nekurapa kwechipiri, zvakadai sephosphorus, nitrogen uye organic pollutants, inorganic pollunt uye utachiona hunonetsa kudzikisira nebiology. Kugadziriswa kwepamusoro kwemvura yakasviba inzira ye "advanced treatment" iyo inowedzera kutora kemikari nzira (chemical oxidation, chemical precipitation, etc.) uye nzira yemuviri nemakemikari (adsorption, ion exchange, membrane kupatsanura tekinoroji, nezvimwewo) kubvisa zvimwe zvinosvibisa. pamusana pekurapa kwechipiri. Zviripachena, kurapa kwepamusoro kwemvura yetsvina kunodhura, asi kunogona kushandisa zvizere zviwanikwa zvemvura.
Tsvina uye mvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri inorasirwa kumiti yekuchenesa tsvina inogona kurapwa zvisina ngozi uchishandisa akasiyana siyana uye kushandura matekinoroji.
Basic Principles
Izvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa zvinoshandiswa mumagetsi ekuchenesa tsvina
Mukugadzirisa kwekuchenesa tsvina, tinofanira kushandisa maajenti anotevera:
(1) Oxidant: liquid chlorine kana chlorine dioxide kana hydrogen peroxide,
(2) Defoaming agent: mari yacho idiki kwazvo;
(3) Flocculant: polyaluminium chloride kana anionic uye cationic polyacrylamide, inozivikanwawo seanionic pam kana cationic pam,
(4) Kuderedza mumiririri: ferrous sulfate hydrate uye zvichingodaro;
(5) Acid-base neutralization: sulfuric acid, quicklime, caustic soda, nezvimwewo
(6) Kemikari phosphorus kubvisa vamiririri uye vamwe vamiririri.
Nzira dzekuchenesa uye maitiro akajairika
Physical method: bvisa insoluble yakaturikwa solids neoiri mumvura ine tsvina nekuita zvemuviri kana zvemuchina; Kusefa, kunaya, kupatsanurwa kwecentrifugal, kuyangarara, nezvimwe.
Kemikari nzira: kuwedzera makemikari zvinhu, kuburikidza nemakemikari maitiro, shandura kemikari kana yemuviri zvinhu zvezvinosvibisa mumvura yakasviba, kuitira kuti ichinje mumakemikari kana chimiro chemuviri, uye yozobviswa mumvura; Neutralization, oxidation, kuderedza, kuora, flocculation, kunaya kwemakemikari, nezvimwe.
Physical chemical method: kushandiswa kwemuviri uye kemikari yakazara chiito chekuchenesa mvura yakasviba; Kukurura, kupfekenura, adsorption, kudhirowa, ion exchange, electrolysis, electrodialysis, reverse dialysis, nezvimwe.
Biological method: kushandiswa kwe microbial metabolism, the oxidation and degradation of organic pollutants mumvura ine tsvina muzvinhu zvisingakuvadzi, inonziwo biochemical treatment method, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nzira yekurapa tsvina yemvura; Activated sludge, biological filter, mhenyu inotenderera tafura, oxidation dziva, anaerobic digestion, nezvimwe.
Pakati pazvo, iyo biological kurapwa nzira yemvura yetsvina yakavakirwa panzira iyo tupukanana tunoshandura organic zvinhu zvakaomarara kuita zvinhu zviri nyore uye zvine chepfu kuita isiri-chepfu kuburikidza nekuita kwema enzymes. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana okisijeni zvinodiwa zvema microorganisms anoita basa mukurapwa, kurapwa kwebiological kunogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: yakanaka gasi (okisijeni) biological kurapwa uye anaerobic (oxygen) biological kurapwa. Yakanaka gasi biological kurapwa iri pamberi peokisijeni, nebasa reyakanaka gasi capillaria kuita. Kuburikidza nemabasa avo ehupenyu -- oxidation, kuderedza, synthesis uye mamwe maitiro, mabhakitiriya anoisa chikamu cheiyo yakanyudzwa organic zvinhu kuita zviri nyore inorganic matter (CO2, H2O, NO3-, PO43-, nezvimwewo) kuti vawane simba rinodiwa pakukura uye. basa, uye kushandura chimwe chikamu cheorganic matter kuita chikafu chinodiwa nezvisikwa kuti zvizvigadzirire kukura nekubereka. Anaerobic biological treatment inoitwa mukushaikwa kweokisijeni nekuita kweanaerobic microorganisms. Kana mabhakitiriya eanaerobic achisvibisa organic matter, anoda kuwana oxygen kubva kuCO2, NO3-, PO43- uye zvichingodaro kuti vachengetedze ivo pachavo kudiwa kwezvinhu zveokisijeni, saka zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinosvibisa CH4, H2S, NH3 zvichingodaro. Kugadzirisa mvura yetsvina nebiological process, iyo biodegradability yezvinosvibisa mumvura ine tsvina inofanira kutanga yaongororwa. Pane zvinonyanya zvinhu zvitatu: biodegradability, biotreatment mamiriro, uye muganho unobvumidzwa kuunganidzwa kwezvinosvibisa zvine inhibitory mhedzisiro pakuita kwehutachiona mumvura yetsvina. Biodegradability inoreva kusvika padanho rekuti, kuburikidza nemabasa ehupenyu ezvipenyu, chimiro chemakemikari chezvinosvibisa chinogona kushandurwa, nekudaro kushandura kemikari uye yemuviri zvimiro zvezvinosvibisa. Kune yakanaka gasi biological kurapwa kunoreva mukana wekuti zvinosvibisa zvishandurwe kuita CO2, H2O uye zvipenyu zvinhu nema microorganisms kuburikidza nepakati metabolites uye mwero wekushandurwa kwezvinosvibisa zvakadaro pasi pemamiriro akanaka egasi. Microorganisms inogona kunyatso kuodza zvinosvibisa organic pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu (zvinovaka muviri, mamiriro ekunze, nezvimwewo). Sarudzo chaiyo yehutano uye yezvakatipoteredza mamiriro anogona kuita kuti kuparara kwebiological kuenderere mberi zvakanaka. Kuburikidza nekudzidza kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu, zvinokwanisika kuona huwandu hwemamiriro aya, senge pH, tembiricha, uye reshiyo yekabhoni, nitrogen, uye phosphorus.
Mukutsvaga kwekugadzirisa zviwanikwa zvemvura, vanhu vanotarisisa zvakanyanya kubviswa kweakasiyana-siyana nano-micron particle pollutants. Nano-micron particle particles zvinosvibisa mumvura zvinoreva zvimedu zvakanaka zvine saizi isingasviki 1um. Maumbirwo awo akaomarara zvakanyanya, akadai seakasiyana mamineral evhu akaisvonaka, anogadzira organic matter, humus, mafuta uye algae zvinhu, etc. Semutakuri ane simba adsorption simba, yakanaka ivhu zvicherwa kazhinji adsorb chepfu heavy heavy metal ions, organic pollutants, pathogenic bacteria uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa pamusoro. Humus uye algae zvinhu mumvura yakasikwa zvinogona kuumba chlorinated hydrocarbon carcinogens ine chlorine mukuita kwe chlorine disinfection mukunatswa kwemvura. Kuvepo kweizvi nano-micron particle zvinosvibisa hakungove nekukanganisa kwakananga kana kunogona kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu, asiwo kunoshatisa zvakanyanya mamiriro emhando yemvura uye kunowedzera kuoma kwekugadziriswa kwemvura, senge mune yakajairwa kugadzirisa kwemvura yedhorobha. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo floc ye sedimentation tank inoyangarara kumusoro uye tangi resefa iri nyore kupinda, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwemhando yemvura uye kuwedzera kwemitengo yekushandisa. Tekinoroji yechinyakare yekurapa tekinoroji haigone kubvisa zvinosvibisa izvi nano-micron mumvura, uye mamwe matekinoroji ekurapa akadai seye ultrafiltation membrane uye reverse osmosis yakaoma kushandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudyara kwakanyanya uye mutengo. Naizvozvo, pane chido chekukurumidzira chekutsvaga nekugadzira tekinoroji nyowani, inoshanda uye yehupfumi yekuchenesa mvura.
Processing midziyo
Dzimba dzekuchenesa sewage system inoda akasiyana emidziyo, anotevera anowanzo shandiswa kurapa midziyo:
1. Grille: inoshandiswa kubvisa zvinhu zvakakura mumvura yakasvibiswa, zvakadai sepepa, jira, nezvimwewo.
2. Jecha sedimentation tank: inoshandiswa kubvisa jecha nejecha uye zvimwe zvimedu zvakasimba mumvura yakasviba.
3. Sedimentation tangi: inoshandiswa pakurapa kwekutanga, iyo yakamiswa yakasimba uye yakamiswa sediments mumvura yetsvina inowedzerwa negiravhiti.
4. Air flotation tank: inoshandiswa pakurapa kwekutanga, iyo yakamiswa mumvura yetsvina inoyangarara kumusoro kuburikidza nekuita kwemabhuru, uye inobviswa ne scraper.
5. Sefa: yekurapa kwekutanga, kuburikidza nesefa yepakati kubvisa zvakamiswa zvakaomarara uye organic zvinhu mumvura ine tsvina.
6. Activated sludge reaction tank: inoshandiswa pakurapa kwepakati, nekuwedzera activated sludge uye oksijeni, kuitira kuti microorganisms inogona kuderedza organic zvinhu mumvura yakasviba.
7. Anaerobic digester: inoshandiswa pakurapa kwepakati, kuburikidza nekuita kwe microorganisms pasi peanaerobic mamiriro, iyo organic matter mumvura yakasvibiswa inoshandurwa kuva biogas.
8. Biofilm reactor: inoshandiswa pakurapa kwepakati, iyo organic matter mumvura yakasvibiswa yakasvibiswa kuburikidza nekuita kwebiofilm.
9. Deep filter: inoshandiswa pakurapa kwepamusoro kubvisa trace organic substances kubva mumvura yakasviba kuburikidza nesefa media 10. Activated carbon adsorber: inoshandiswa pakurapa kwepamusoro kubvisa organic zvinhu kubva mumvura yakasvibiswa nekushambadza kweiyo activated carbon.
11. Ozone oxidation reactor: yekurapa kwepamusoro, kuburikidza neoxidation ye ozone kubvisa organic zvinhu mumvura yakasviba.
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