0102030405
Reverse Osmosis Plant Process Equipment Industrial Water Treatment System
Kusuma Project
Nheyo ye reverse osmosis system
Pane imwe tembiricha, semi-permeable membrane inoshandiswa kuparadzanisa mvura yakachena kubva kune saline. Mvura yakachena inofamba ichienda kune saline kuburikidza ne semi-permeable membrane. Sezvo mwero wemvura uri padivi resaline yemhepo yekurudyi uchikwira, imwe pressure inogadzirwa kudzivirira mvura yakachena kubva kumhepo yekuruboshwe kuti isaende kudivi resaline, uye pakupedzisira kuenzana kunosvikwa. The equilibrium pressure panguva ino inonzi osmotic pressure yemhinduro, uye chiitiko ichi chinonzi osmosis. Kana dzvinyiriro yekunze inodarika iyo osmotic pressure ikaiswa kudivi resaline re ventricle yekurudyi, mvura iri munyunguru yemunyu ye ventricle yekurudyi inoenda kumvura yakachena ye ventricle yekuruboshwe kuburikidza ne semi-permeable membrane, kuitira kuti iyo nyowani. mvura inogona kuparadzaniswa kubva mumvura ine munyu. Chiitiko ichi chinopesana nechiitiko chepermeability, chinonzi reverse permeability phenomenon.
Saka, hwaro hwe reverse osmosis desalination system ndeye
(1) Kusarudzika kwemukati memembra, kureva kuti, rega mvura ipfuure asi isingabvumire munyu kupinda;
(2) Kudzvinyirirwa kwekunze kwekamuri yesaline yakakura kudarika kumanikidzwa kweosmotic yekamuri yesaline nekamuri yemvura yakachena, iyo inopa simba rekufambisa kuti mvura ifambe kubva mukamuri yesaline kuenda kukamuri yemvura yakachena. Typical osmotic pressure kune dzimwe mhinduro inoratidzwa mutafura iri pazasi.
Iyo iri pamusoro semi-permeable membrane inoshandiswa kuparadzanisa mvura yakachena kubva mumvura yemunyu inonzi reverse osmosis membrane. Reverse osmosis membrane inonyanya kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvepolymer. Parizvino, iyo reverse osmosis membrane inoshandiswa muzvidyarwa zvemagetsi emagetsi inowanzogadzirwa neanonhuwirira polyamide inoumbwa zvinhu.
RO (Reverse Osmosis) reverse osmosis tekinoroji ndeye membrane kupatsanura uye kusefa tekinoroji inofambiswa nekumanikidza musiyano. Hukuru hwayo pore idiki se nanometer (1 nanometer =10-9 metres). Pasi peimwe dzvinyiriro, H20 mamorekuru anogona kupfuura nepakati RO membrane, Inorganic salts, heavy metal ions, organic matter, colloids, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi uye kumwe kusvibiswa mumvura inoyerera haigone kupfuura nemukati RO membrane, kuitira kuti mvura yakachena inogona kupfuura. kuburikidza uye mvura yakanyungudutswa isingagoni kupfuura nayo inogona kunyatsosiyaniswa.
Mumaindasitiri ekushandisa, reverse osmosis zvidyarwa zvinoshandisa yakasarudzika michina kufambisa iyo reverse osmosis maitiro. Maindasitiri reverse osmosis masisitimu akagadzirirwa kurapa mavhoriyamu emvura uye anoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana anosanganisira ekurima, emishonga, uye kugadzira. Midziyo inoshandiswa mumasisitimu aya yakanyatsogadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti reverse osmosis process inoshanda uye inoshanda mukugadzira mvura yakachena kubva kumvura yemunyu.
Iyo reverse osmosis process ihunyanzvi hwekuita tekinoroji yekubvisa mvura yegungwa, iyo inogona kupa mvura yakachena kunzvimbo dzine mvura shoma kana uko kuine mvura yechinyakare yakasvibiswa. Sezvo reverse osmosis midziyo uye tekinoroji inofambira mberi, maitiro acho anoramba ari mhinduro yakakosha kuperevedza yemvura uye nyaya dzemhando kutenderera pasirese.
Hunhu Hukuru hwe reverse osmosis membrane:
Kutungamira uye kupatsanurwa maitiro ekuparadzanisa membrane
Inoshanda reverse osmosis membrane is asymmetric membrane, kune nzvimbo yepamusoro uye tsigiro tsigiro, ine yakajeka kutungamira uye kusarudza. Iyo inodaidzwa kunzi directivity ndeyekuisa iyo membrane kumusoro mune yakanyanya kudzvanywa brine ye desalting, iyo yekumanikidza inowedzera membrane mvura permeability, desalting rate inowedzerawo; Kana iyo inotsigira layer ye membrane yakaiswa mu high pressure brine, iyo desalination rate inenge 0 nekuwedzera kwekumanikidza, asi kupinza kwemvura kunowedzera zvakanyanya. Nekuda kwekutungamira uku, haigone kushandiswa kumashure kana ikashandiswa.
Iyo yekuparadzanisa maitiro e reverse osmosis yeion uye organic zvinhu mumvura hazvina kufanana, izvo zvinogona kupfupikiswa sezvinotevera.
(1) Organic matter iri nyore kupatsanura pane inorganic matter
(2) Electrolytes iri nyore kuparadzanisa pane isiri-electrolytes. Electrolytes ane machaji akakwirira ari nyore kupatsanura, uye iwo mareti ekubvisa anowanzo mune inotevera kurongeka. Fe3+> Ca2+> Na+ PO43-> S042-> C | - ye electrolyte, iyo yakakura iyo molecule, iri nyore kubvisa.
(3) Mwero wekubvisa weiyo inorganic ion ine hukama neiyo hydrate uye radius ye hydrated ion mune iyo ion hydration state. Iyo yakakura radius yeion hydrated ndeye, zviri nyore kubviswa. Kurongeka kwekubvisa chiyero kunotevera:
Mg2+, Ca2+> Li+ > Na+ > K+; F-> C|-> Br-> NO3-
(4) Mitemo yekuparadzanisa ye polar organic matter:
Aldehyde > Doro > Amine > Acid, tertiary amine > Secondary amine > Primary amine, citric acid > Tartaric acid > Malic acid > Lactic acid > Acetic acid
Kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yapfuura mukurapa gasi remarara kunomiririra kufambira mberi kwakakosha mukugadzirisa matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza uku ichipawo mikana yekuti mabhizinesi abudirire nenzira yakagadzikana, ine hushamwari. Iyi mhinduro yehutsva inosungirwa kuve nemhedzisiro yakanaka muminda yemarara gasi kurapwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nevimbiso yayo yekushanda kwepamusoro, mutengo wakaderera wekushandisa uye zero kusvibiswa kwechipiri.
(5) Pair isomers: tert- > Yakasiyana (iso-)> Zhong (sec-)> Yekutanga (pri-)
(6) Iyo sodium yemunyu kupatsanurwa kwekuita kwe organic matter yakanaka, nepo phenol uye phenol row zvipenyu zvinoratidza kupatsanurwa kwakashata. Kana zvigadziriso zvemvura zvepolar kana zvisiri-polar, zvakapatsanurwa kana zvisina-dissociated organic solutes zvakapatsanurwa ne membrane, masimba ekudyidzana pakati pe solute, solvent uye membrane inosarudza kusarudzwa kwemembrane. Izvi zvinosanganisira electrostatic force, hydrogen bond binding force, hydrophobicity uye electron transfer.
(7) Kazhinji, solutes haina pesvedzero pahunhu hwemuviri kana kutamisa zvinhu zve membrane. Chete phenol kana imwe yakaderera mamorekuru uremu organic komisheni ichaita kuti cellulose acetate iwedzere mune aqueous solution. Kuvapo kwezvikamu izvi kunowanzoita kuti kuyerera kwemvura kwe membrane kuderedze, dzimwe nguva zvakanyanya.
(8) Kubvisa mhedzisiro ye nitrate, perchlorate, cyanide uye thiocyanate haina kunaka sekloridi, uye kubviswa kweammonium munyu hakuna kunaka sesodium munyu.
(9) Zvizhinji zvezvikamu zvine hukama hwema molecular mass kupfuura 150, ingave electrolyte kana isiri-electrolyte, inogona kubviswa zvakanaka.
Mukuwedzera, iyo reverse osmosis membrane yeanonhuhwirira hydrocarbons, cycloalkanes, alkanes uye sodium chloride yekuparadzanisa odha yakasiyana.
(2) High Pressure pombi
Mukushanda kwe reverse osmosis membrane, mvura inoda kutumirwa kune yakatsanangurwa kudzvanywa nepamusoro pekumanikidza pombi kuti ipedze kuita desalting. Parizvino, iyo yakakwirira yekumanikidza pombi inoshandiswa mukupisa simba chirimwa ine centrifugal, plunger uye screw uye mamwe mafomu, pakati pawo, iyo yakawanda-nhanho centrifugal pombi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Izvi zvinogona kusvika kupfuura 90% uye kuchengetedza kushandiswa kwesimba. Mhando iyi yepombi inoratidzirwa nekushanda kwepamusoro.
(3) Reverse osmosis ontology
Iyo reverse osmosis muviri isanganiswa yekurapa mvura unit inosanganisa uye inobatanidza reverse osmosis membrane zvikamu nemapombi mune imwe hurongwa. Imwe reverse osmosis membrane inonzi membrane element. Nhamba inonzwa ye reverse osmosis membrane zvikamu zvakabatana munhevedzano zvinoenderana nezvimwe zvehunyanzvi zvinodiwa uye zvakaunganidzwa nekamwe reverse osmosis membrane shell kuti iite membrane chikamu.
1. Membrane element
Reverse osmosis membrane element Chinhu chakakosha chakagadzirwa nereverse osmosis membrane uye zvinhu zvekutsigira zvine basa rekushandisa maindasitiri. Parizvino, coil membrane zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa mumagetsi ekupisa.
Parizvino, vagadziri vakasiyana-siyana vemembrane vanogadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemembrane zvevashandisi veindasitiri vakasiyana. Membrane elements inoshandiswa muzvidyarwa zvemagetsi zvinopisa zvinogona kukamurwa kuita: high pressure yemvura yegungwa desalination reverse osmosis membrane elements; Kudzikira kwakaderera uye ultra-low pressure brackish water desalting reverse membrane elements; Anti-fouling membrane element.
Izvo zvinodiwa zvekutanga zve membrane zvinhu ndezvi:
A. Firimu kurongedza density zvakakwirira sezvinobvira.
B. Hazvisi nyore kuisa pfungwa papolarization
C. Simba rekurwisa kusvibiswa kwakasimba
D. Zviri nyore kuchenesa uye kutsiva membrane
E. Mutengo wakachipa
2.Membrane shell
Iyo yekumanikidza ngarava inoshandiswa kurodha reverse osmosis membrane element mune reverse osmosis muviri mudziyo unonzi membrane shell, inozivikanwawo se "pressure mudziyo" yekugadzira unit ndeyeHaide simba, imwe neimwe yekumanikidza mudziyo ingangoita 7 metres kureba.
Iyo goko remufirimu shell rinowanzo gadzirwa ne epoxy girazi faibha yakasimbiswa jira repurasitiki, uye bhurashi rekunze iri epoxy pendi. Kune zvakare vamwe vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zveStainless simbi firimu shell. Nekuda kwekuramba kwakasimba kwekuora kweFRP, mazhinji emagetsi emagetsi anopisa anosarudza FRP firimu shell. Zvinhu zvemudziyo wekumanikidza ndeye FRP.
Izvo zvinokanganisa zvinhu zve reverse osmosis mvura yekurapa system kuita:
Kune chaiwo mamiriro ehurongwa, kuyerera kwemvura uye desalting mwero ndiwo hunhu hwe reverse osmosis membrane, uye pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kuyerera kwemvura uye desalting mwero we reverse osmosis muviri, kunyanya kusanganisira kudzvanywa, tembiricha, kudzoreredza mwero, influent salinity uye pH kukosha.
(1) Kumanikidza
Iyo inlet pressure ye reverse osmosis membrane inokanganisa zvakananga membrane flux uye desalting mwero we reverse osmosis membrane. Kuwedzera kwe membrane flux kune hukama hwemutsara neiyo inlet pressure ye reverse osmosis. Chiyero chekubvisa salination chine hukama hwemutsara nedzvinyiriro ine simba, asi kana dzvinyiriro yasvika pane imwe kukosha, shanduko yekubvisa salination rate inoita kunge yakati sandara uye mwero wekubvisa salination hauchawedzeri.
(2) Tembiricha mhedzisiro
Iyo desalting rate inoderera nekuwedzera kweiyo inlet tembiricha ye reverse osmosis. Nekudaro, kuyerera kwegoho remvura kunowedzera zvakaenzana. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti kana tembiricha ichiwedzera, viscosity yemamorekuru emvura inoderera uye kugona kwekupararira kwakasimba, saka kubuda kwemvura kunowedzera. Nekuwedzera kwekushisa, mwero wemunyu unopfuura nepakati reverse osmosis membrane uchakwidziridzwa, saka chiyero che desalination chinodzikiswa. Tembiricha yemvura yakasvibira indekisi yakakosha yereverse osmosis system dhizaini. Semuenzaniso, kana chirimwa chemagetsi chiri kuita shanduko yehunyanzvi yereverse osmosis engineering, tembiricha yemvura yemvura yakasvibirira mudhizaini inoverengerwa zvinoenderana ne25 ℃, uye yakaverengerwa inlet pressure i1.6MPa. Nekudaro, tembiricha yemvura mukushanda chaiko kweiyo system ingori 8 ℃, uye inlet pressure inofanirwa kuwedzerwa kusvika 2.0MPa kuve nechokwadi chekuyerera kwemvura yakachena. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kushandiswa kwesimba kweiyo system system kunowedzera, hupenyu hwemukati chisimbiso mhete yemembrane chikamu che reverse osmosis mudziyo unopfupikiswa, uye huwandu hwekuchengetedza hwemidziyo hunowedzerwa.
(3) Munyu munyu
Kuwanda kwemunyu mumvura indekisi yakakosha inobata membrane osmotic pressure, uye membrane osmotic pressure inowedzera nekuwedzera kwemunyu. Pasi pemamiriro ekuti inlet pressure ye reverse osmosis inoramba isingachinji, munyu wemukati wemvura inopinza unowedzera. Nekuda kwekuti kuwedzera kweosmotic pressure kunobvisa chikamu chesimba rekupinza, kuyerera kunodzikira uye chiyero che desalination chinodzikirawo.
(4) Pesvedzero yekudzoreredza mwero
Kuwedzera kweyero yekudzoreredza reverse osmosis system inotungamira kune yakakwira munyu wemukati wemvura inopinza ye membrane element pamwe negwara rekuyerera, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kweosmotic pressure. Izvi zvinogadzirisa kutyaira kweiyo inlet mvura yekumanikidza reverse osmosis, nekudaro ichidzikisa kuyerera kwegoho remvura. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemunyu mumvura inopinza ye membrane element inotungamirira kukuwedzera kwemunyu mumvura yakachena, nokudaro kuderedza desalination rate. Mudhizaini yehurongwa, iyo yakanyanya kudzoreredza mwero we reverse osmosis system haina kutsamira pakudzikiswa kweosmotic pressure, asi kazhinji zvinoenderana nekuumbwa uye zvirimo munyu mumvura mbishi, nekuti nekuvandudzwa kwekudzoreredza, micro-soluble salts. zvakadai se calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate uye silicon ichakwira muhutano hwekugadzirisa.
(5) Kupesvedzera kwepH kukosha
Iyo pH yemhando inoshanda kune akasiyana marudzi e membrane zvinhu inosiyana zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, kuyerera kwemvura uye desalination rate yeacetate membrane inowanzove yakagadzikana muhuwandu hwepH kukosha 4-8, uye inobatwa zvakanyanya muhuwandu hwepH kukosha pasi pe4 kana kupfuura 8. Parizvino, huwandu hwakawanda membrane zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemvura mumaindasitiri zvinhu zvakaumbwa, izvo zvinoenderana nehupamhi pH kukosha kwesiyana (iyo pH kukosha inogona kudzorwa mumhando ye3 ~ 10 mukuenderera mberi kwekushanda, uye iyo membrane flux uye desalination mwero mune iyi chiyero haina kugadzikana. .
Reverse osmosis membrane pre-kurapa nzira:
Reverse osmosis membrane kusefa kwakasiyana nekusefa mubhedha sefa, mubhedha wesefa wakazara kusefa, kureva kuti, mvura yakasvibira yese kuburikidza nesefa layer. Reverse osmosis membrane filtration inzira yekusefa yemuchinjikwa, kureva kuti, chikamu chemvura iri mumvura yakasvibira chinopfuura nepa membrane munzira yakatwasuka ine membrane. Panguva ino, munyu uye zvakasvibiswa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobatwa ne membrane, uye inoitwa nechikamu chakasara chemvura yakasvibirira inoyerera ichienderana nepamusoro pe membrane, asi zvinosvibisa hazvigoni kubviswa zvachose. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvo zvakasara zvinosvibisa zvinozoita kuti membrane element kusvibisa kuve kwakanyanya. Uye iyo yakakwirira yekusvibisa mvura yakasvibirira uye mwero wekudzoreredza, ndiko kukurumidza kusvibiswa kwe membrane.
1. Scale control
Kana iyo isinganyungudike munyu mumvura yakasvibira ichiramba yakanyura mukati memembrane element uye ichipfuura muganho wekunyungudika, inonaya pamusoro peiyo reverse osmosis membrane, inonzi "scaling". Kana sosi yemvura yakatemwa, sezvo chiyero chekudzoreredza cheiyo reverse osmosis system inowedzera, njodzi yekuyera inowedzera. Parizvino, itsika yekuwedzera mitengo yekudzokorodza nekuda kwekushomeka kwemvura kana kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekuyerera kwetsvina. Muchiitiko ichi, matanho ekudzora ane kufunga anonyanya kukosha. Mune reverse osmosis system, yakajairika refractory munyu iCaCO3, CaSO4 uye Si02, uye mamwe makomisheni anogona kuburitsa chiyero ndeye CaF2, BaS04, SrS04 uye Ca3 (PO4)2. Nzira yakajairwa yescale inhibition ndeyekuwedzera scale inhibitor. Scale inhibitors inoshandiswa muwekishopu yangu iNalco PC191 uye Europe neAmerica NP200.
2.Control OF colloidal uye yakasimba particle kusvibiswa
Colloid uye particle fouling inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuita kwe reverse osmosis membrane zvinhu, senge kudzikisira kwakanyanya kwekubuda kwemvura nyowani, dzimwe nguva zvakare kuderedza desalination rate, chiratidzo chekutanga che colloid uye particle fouling ndiko kuwedzera kwemusiyano wekumanikidza pakati pekupinda nekupinda. kubuda kwe reverse osmosis membrane components.
Nzira yakajairika yekutonga mvura colloid uye zvimedu mune reverse osmosis membrane zvinhu ndeyekuyera iyo SDI kukosha kwemvura, dzimwe nguva inonzi F kukosha (kusvibiswa index), inova chimwe chezviratidzo zvakakosha zvekutarisa kushanda kwe reverse osmosis pretreatment system. .
SDI(silt density index) ndiyo shanduko yekusefa kwemvura pachiyero chenguva kuratidza kusvibiswa kwemhando yemvura. Huwandu hwe colloid uye chinhu chemukati mumvura chinozokanganisa saizi yeSDI. Kukosha kweSDI kunogona kutsanangurwa neSDI chiridzwa.
3. Kudzora kwe membrane microbial kusvibiswa
Microorganisms mumvura mbishi kunyanya zvinosanganisira mabhakitiriya, algae, fungi, mavhairasi uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvepamusoro. Mukuita reverse osmosis, ma microorganisms uye zvakanyungudutswa zvinovaka muviri zvicharamba zvakanangana uye zvakapfumiswa mu membrane element, inova iyo yakanakira nharaunda uye maitiro ekuumbwa kwebiofilm. Kusvibiswa kwebiological kwe reverse osmosis membrane zvikamu zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kuita kwe reverse osmosis system. Musiyano wekumanikidza pakati pekupinda nekubuda kwe reverse osmosis zvikamu zvinowedzera nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwegoho remvura rezvikamu zve membrane. Dzimwe nguva, kusvibiswa kwebiological kunoitika padivi rekugadzira mvura, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kwemvura yechigadzirwa. Semuyenzaniso, mukuchengetedza reverse osmosis madivayiri mune mamwe magetsi emagetsi anopisa, girinhi moss inowanikwa pane membrane zvinhu uye pombi dzemvura nyowani, inova yakajairwa kusvibiswa kwehutachiona.
Kana iyo membrane element yakasvibiswa nemamicroorganisms uye ichigadzira biofilm, kucheneswa kwe membrane chinhu kwakaoma. Mukuwedzera, biofilms isina kubviswa zvachose inokonzera kukura nokukurumidza kwema microorganisms zvakare. Naizvozvo, kutonga kwema microorganisms nderimwe reakanyanya kukosha mabasa e pretreatment, kunyanya reverse osmosis pretreatment masisitimu uchishandisa mvura yegungwa, pamusoro pemvura uye tsvina semvura.
Nzira huru dzekudzivirira membrane microorganisms ndeiyi: chlorine, microfiltration kana ultrafiltration kurapwa, ozone oxidation, ultraviolet sterilization, kuwedzera sodium bisulfite. Nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa mukupisa simba chirimwa chemvura yekurapa system ndeye chlorination sterilization uye ultrafiltration yekurapa mvura tekinoroji isati yadzokera kumashure osmosis.
Semushonga we sterilizing, chlorine inokwanisa kukurumidza kumisa akawanda pathogenic microorganisms. Kushanda kweklorini kunoenderana nehuwandu hweklorini, pH yemvura, uye nguva yekubata. Muzvishandiso zveinjiniya, iyo yakasara chlorine mumvura inowanzodzorwa kupfuura 0.5 ~ 1.0mg, uye nguva yekuita inodzorwa pa20 ~ 30min. Chiyero che chlorine chinoda kutariswa nekugadzirisa, nekuti organic zvinhu mumvura zvinopedza chlorine. Chlorine inoshandiswa kuita sterilization, uye yakanakisa inoshanda pH kukosha ndeye 4 ~ 6.
Kushandiswa kweklorini mumvura yegungwa kwakasiyana neiyo mumvura ine brackish. Kazhinji pane inenge 65mg yebromine mumvura yegungwa. Kana mvura yegungwa ichigadziriswa makemikari nehydrogen, inotanga kuita nehypochlorous acid kuti iite hypobromous acid, kuitira kuti iyo bactericidal effect iite hypowet acid pane hypochlorous acid, uye hypobromous asidhi haizoora pa pH yakakosha. Naizvozvo, mhedzisiro yechlorination iri nani pane mumvura ine brackish.
Nekuti iyo membrane element yecomposite zvinhu ine zvimwe zvinodikanwa pane yasara chlorine mumvura, zvinodikanwa kuita dechlorination yekudzikisa kurapwa mushure mekushomeka kwechlorine.
4. Kudzora kusvibiswa kwehupenyu
Iyo adsorption ye organic matter pane membrane pamusoro inokonzeresa kudzikira kwe membrane flux, uye mumatambudziko akaomarara, inokonzeresa kurasikirwa kusingadzoreki kwe membrane flux uye kukanganisa hupenyu hunoshanda hwe membrane.
Pamusoro pemvura yepamusoro, yakawanda yemvura zvigadzirwa zvechisikigo, kuburikidza ne coagulation kujekeswa, DC coagulation filtration uye activated kabhoni filtration yakasanganiswa kurapwa maitiro, inogona kudzikisa zvakanyanya organic zvinhu mumvura, kuzadzisa zvinodiwa reverse osmosis mvura.
5. Concentration polarization control
Mukuita reverse osmosis, pane dzimwe nguva kune yakakwira yekumisikidza gradient pakati pemvura yakadzika pa membrane pamusoro uye ine simba remvura, iyo inonzi concentration polarization. Kana chiitiko ichi chikaitika, mutsetse weyakanyanya kudzika uye yakagadzikana iyo inonzi "yakakosha layer" inoumbwa pamusoro pe membrane, iyo inotadzisa kushanda kunobudirira kweiyo reverse osmosis process. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo concentration polarization ichawedzera mhinduro inogoneka kudzvanywa pane membrane pamusoro, uye simba rekutyaira reverse osmosis maitiro richadzikiswa, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwegoho remvura uye desalination mwero. Kana iyo concentration polarization yakakomba, mamwe mamunyu akanyungudika zvishoma anonaya uye anoyera pamusoro pe membrane. Kuti udzivise kufungidzira polarization, nzira inoshanda ndeyekuita kuti kuyerera kwemvura yakanyungudutswa nguva dzose ichengetedze mamiriro emhirizhonga, ndiko kuti, nekuwedzera inlet kuyerera kwekuwedzera kuwedzera kuyerera kwemvura yakanyungudutswa, kuitira kuti kusanganiswa kweiyo micro-yakanyungudika. munyu pamusoro pe membrane inoderedzwa kusvika kune yakaderera kukosha; Uye zvakare, mushure meiyo reverse osmosis mvura yekurapa mudziyo yakavharwa, iyo yakadzika mvura padivi peyakatsiviwa yakadzika mvura inofanira kushambidzwa nenguva.
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