0102030405
Industrial Wastewater Treatment System ETP Effluent Process Technologies
Kuwonongeka kwa mafakitale kumatanthawuza madzi onyansa, zonyansa ndi zowonongeka zomwe zimapangidwira popanga mafakitale, zomwe zimakhala ndi zipangizo zopangira mafakitale, zinthu zapakatikati ndi zinthu zomwe zimatayika ndi madzi, komanso zowonongeka zomwe zimapangidwira popanga. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale, mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi onyansa akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo kuipitsidwa kwa matupi amadzi kukukulirakulira komanso koopsa, ndikuwopseza thanzi la anthu ndi chitetezo. Pachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kuthira madzi otayira m'mafakitale ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuthira zimbudzi zamatauni.
Madzi otayira m'mafakitale (madzi otayira m'mafakitale) amaphatikizanso madzi otayira, zonyansa zopangira ndi madzi ozizira, amatanthauza madzi otayira komanso otayira omwe amapangidwa popanga mafakitale, omwe ali ndi zida zopangira mafakitale, zinthu zapakatikati, zopangira ndi zowononga zomwe zimapangidwa popanga zotayika. ndi madzi. Pali mitundu yambiri yamadzi otayira m'mafakitale okhala ndi zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, madzi otayira amchere a electrolytic okhala ndi mercury, zitsulo zolemera zosungunula zam'mafakitale zimakhala ndi lead, cadmium ndi zitsulo zina, madzi otayira am'mafakitale a electroplating amakhala ndi cyanide ndi chromium ndi zitsulo zina zolemera. choncho. Chifukwa madzi otayira m'mafakitale nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zapoizoni zosiyanasiyana, kuipitsa chilengedwe kumawononga kwambiri thanzi la munthu, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, kusandutsa zovulaza kukhala phindu, ndipo malinga ndi momwe zimakhalira komanso kuchuluka kwa zoipitsa m'madzi onyansa, tengani njira zoyeretsera. za kutaya, zisanatulidwe.
Gulu la madzi oipa
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira zitatu zogawira madzi oyipa:
Yoyamba imayikidwa molingana ndi mankhwala azinthu zazikulu zowononga zomwe zili m'madzi onyansa a mafakitale. Madzi otayira achilengedwe ndi omwe amakhala ndi zowononga zachilengedwe, ndipo madzi oyipa achilengedwe ndi omwe amakhala ndi zowononga zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, electroplating wastewater ndi mineral processing wastewater ndi inorganic wastewater; Madzi owonongeka kuchokera ku chakudya kapena mafuta opangira mafuta ndi madzi otayira achilengedwe.
Chachiwiri amagawidwa malinga ndi zinthu ndi processing zinthu za mabizinesi mafakitale, monga zitsulo zinyalala madzi, papermaking zinyalala madzi, coking mpweya zinyalala madzi, zitsulo pickling madzi zinyalala, mankhwala feteleza madzi zinyalala, nsalu kusindikiza ndi utoto madzi zinyalala, utoto madzi zinyalala. , kutenthetsa madzi otayira, madzi otayira mankhwala ophera tizilombo, madzi otayira pamalo opangira magetsi, ndi zina zotero.
Chachitatu chimagawidwa molingana ndi zigawo zazikulu za zonyansa zomwe zili m'madzi onyansa, monga madzi otayira acidic, madzi onyansa a alkaline, madzi onyansa a cyanogen, chromium wastewater, cadmium wastewater, mercury wastewater, phenol wastewater, aldehyde wastewater, mafuta onyansa, organic wastewater. phosphorous madzi otayira ndi radioactive zinyalala.
Zigawo ziwiri zoyambirira sizikutanthauza zigawo zazikulu za zowonongeka zomwe zili m'madzi otayira ndipo sizimasonyeza kuvulaza kwa madzi onyansa. Njira yachitatu yamagulu akuwonetsa momveka bwino kapangidwe kazinthu zazikulu zoipitsa m'madzi onyansa, zomwe zingasonyeze kuvulaza kwa madzi oipa.
Kuonjezera apo, kuchokera ku zovuta zowonongeka kwa madzi owonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa madzi owonongeka, zowonongeka zazikulu m'madzi onyansa zimafotokozedwa mwachidule m'magulu atatu: gulu loyamba ndi kutentha kwa zinyalala, makamaka kuchokera ku madzi ozizira, madzi ozizira amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito; Gulu lachiwiri ndi ochiritsira zoipitsa, ndiko kuti, zinthu popanda kawopsedwe zoonekeratu ndi mosavuta biodegradable, kuphatikizapo biodegradable organic kanthu, mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati bionutrients, ndi inaimitsidwa zolimba, etc. Gulu lachitatu ndi poizoni zoipitsa, ndiko kuti, zinthu munali kawopsedwe. ndipo si zophweka kuti biodegrade, kuphatikizapo heavy zitsulo, poizoni mankhwala ndi organic mankhwala kuti n'zosavuta biodegrade.
M'malo mwake, bizinesi imodzi imatha kutulutsa madzi oyipa angapo amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo madzi oyipa amodzi amakhala ndi zoipitsa zosiyanasiyana komanso zowononga zina. Mwachitsanzo, mafakitale opaka utoto amathira madzi oipa a asidi ndi amchere. Kusindikiza kwa nsalu ndi kudaya madzi onyansa, chifukwa cha nsalu zosiyanasiyana ndi utoto, zoipitsa ndi zowononga zowononga zidzakhala zosiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale madzi otayira a m’fakitale imodzi yopangira zinthu akhoza kukhala ndi zowononga zingapo nthawi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, distillation, akulimbana, coking, laminating ndi zipangizo zina za kuyenga nsanja mafuta nthunzi condensation madzi, munali phenol, mafuta, sulfide. M'mabizinesi osiyanasiyana ogulitsa, ngakhale kuti zinthu, zopangira ndi kukonza ndizosiyana kotheratu, zimathanso kutulutsa madzi oyipa amtundu womwewo. Monga mafuta opangira mafuta, zomera za mankhwala ndi zomera za coking gasi, zikhoza kukhala ndi mafuta, phenol kutayidwa kwamadzi onyansa.
Zowopsa za madzi otaya
1. Madzi otayira m'mafakitale amalowa mwachindunji m'mitsinje, mitsinje ndi nyanja kuti aipitse madzi apamtunda. Ngati kawopsedweyo ndi wokwera kwambiri, zingayambitse imfa kapena kutha kwa zomera ndi nyama za m'madzi.
2. Madzi otayira m’mafakitale amathanso kulowa m’madzi apansi panthaka ndi kuipitsa madzi apansi panthaka, motero kuipitsa mbewu.
3. Ngati anthu ozungulira agwiritsa ntchito madzi apansi oipitsidwa kapena pansi ngati madzi apakhomo, zingawononge thanzi lawo ndi imfa pazochitika zazikulu.
4, kulowetsedwa kwamadzi otayira m'mafakitale m'nthaka, ndikuwononga nthaka. Zimakhudza kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu zomera ndi nthaka.
5, madzi ena otayira m'mafakitale amakhalanso ndi fungo loipa, kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya.
6. Zinthu zapoizoni ndi zovulaza m’madzi otayira m’mafakitale zidzakhalabe m’thupi mwa kudyetsa ndi kuyamwa zomera, kenako n’kufika m’thupi la munthu kudzera m’njira ya chakudya, kuvulaza thupi la munthu.
Kuwonongeka kwa madzi otayira m'mafakitale ku chilengedwe ndi kwakukulu, ndipo "Zochitika ku Minamata" ndi "Zochitika za Toyama" mu "zochitika zazikulu zisanu ndi zitatu zowopsa za anthu" m'zaka za zana la 20 zimayambitsidwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwa madzi onyansa a mafakitale.
Mfundo ya chithandizo
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi otayira m'mafakitale kuyenera kutsatira mfundo izi:
(1) Chofunikira kwambiri ndikukonzanso njira yopangira ndikuchotsa kutulutsa kwamadzi oopsa komanso owopsa popanga momwe kungathekere. M'malo mwa zinthu zapoizoni kapena zinthu zopanda poizoni.
(2) Popanga zida zapoizoni ndi zinthu zapakatikati ndi zinthu zapoizoni, njira zamaukadaulo ndi zida zogwiritsidwira ntchito ziyenera kutengedwa, ndipo ntchito yokhazikika ndi kuyang'anira zidzakhazikitsidwa kuti zithetse kutayikira ndi kuchepetsa kutayika.
(3) Madzi otayira okhala ndi zinthu zapoizoni kwambiri, monga zitsulo zolemera, zinthu zotulutsa ma radiation, kuchuluka kwa phenol, cyanide ndi madzi ena oyipa ayenera kulekanitsidwa ndi madzi ena onyansa, kuti athe kuwongolera ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu zothandiza.
(4) Madzi ena oipa omwe ali ndi kutuluka kwakukulu ndi kuipitsidwa kwa kuwala, monga madzi otayira ozizira, sayenera kutayidwa mu ngalande, kuti asawonjezere katundu wa zonyansa za m'tawuni ndi zonyansa. Madzi otayira otere amayenera kubwezeretsedwanso pambuyo pokonza bwino m'nthaka.
(5) Madzi onyansa achilengedwe okhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi katundu wofanana ndi zimbudzi zamatauni, monga madzi onyansa opangira mapepala, madzi onyansa akupanga shuga ndi madzi onyansa opangira chakudya, amatha kutulutsidwa m'masewero am'matauni. Malo osungiramo zimbudzi zazikulu ziyenera kumangidwa, kuphatikizapo maiwe opangira ma biological oxidation, akasinja otayira zimbudzi, njira zoyeretsera nthaka ndi malo ena osavuta komanso otheka ochizira omwe amamangidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu ziliri. Poyerekeza ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta zimbudzi, zomera zazikulu zowonongeka zowonongeka sizingachepetse kwambiri ndalama zomanga ndi ntchito, komanso zosavuta kusunga zinthu zabwino zogwirira ntchito ndi zotsatira za mankhwala chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa madzi ndi madzi.
(6) Madzi ena oipa omwe amatha kuwonongeka, monga madzi oipa omwe ali ndi phenol ndi cyanide, akhoza kutayidwa mu ngalande ya m'tauni molingana ndi muyezo wololedwa wothira pambuyo pothandizidwa m'mafakitale, ndi mankhwala owonjezera a biooxidative owonongeka ndi malo opangira zimbudzi.
(7) Madzi otayira okhala ndi zowononga zoopsa zomwe zimavuta kuwononga chilengedwe sayenera kutayidwa mu ngalande za m'tauni ndi kutumizidwa kumalo otsukira zimbudzi, koma azithiridwa padera.
Kachitidwe kachitukuko ka madzi otayira m'mafakitale ndikubwezeretsanso madzi oyipa ndi zowononga ngati zothandiza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otsekedwa.
Njira yothandizira
Waukulu njira zochizira mkulu ndende refractory organic madzi zinyalala monga makutidwe ndi okosijeni mankhwala, m'zigawo, adsorption, incineration, chothandizira makutidwe ndi okosijeni, zamankhwala amuzolengedwa njira, etc. Biochemical njira ali okhwima ndondomeko, zida zosavuta, mphamvu yaikulu mankhwala, otsika mtengo ntchito, komanso ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi oyipa.
M'mapulojekiti ochizira madzi akuwonongeka, njira zachikhalidwe zama biochemical, monga njira ya A / O, njira ya A2 / O kapena njira zowongolera, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Njira yothira zinyalala m'madzi onyansa a biochemical process ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamadzi onyansa achilengedwe. Dongosolo loyatsidwa ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yopangira chithandizo chachilengedwe yokhala ndi malo akuluakulu enieni, kuchitapo kanthu komanso kusamutsa anthu ambiri.
Njira yoyeretsera madzi onyansa a mafakitale:
1. Ozone oxide:
Ozone imakhala ndi kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chifukwa cha mphamvu ya okosijeni yamphamvu, choncho teknolojiyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi a xanthate. Ozone oxidation ndi njira yabwino yochotsera xanthate mumadzi am'madzi.
2. Njira ya Adsorption:
Adsorption ndi njira yochizira madzi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma adsorbents kuti alekanitse zoipitsa ndi madzi. Njira ya Adsorption imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha zopangira zopangira komanso kukwera mtengo. Ma adsorbents wamba ndi activated carbon, zeolite, cinder ndi zina zotero.
3. Njira yowonjezera makutidwe ndi okosijeni:
Ukadaulo wa catalytic oxidation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zopangira kuti zifulumizitse kusintha kwamankhwala pakati pa zoipitsa ndi ma oxygen m'madzi onyansa ndikuchotsa zowononga m'madzi. Njira yothandizira makutidwe ndi okosijeni imaphatikizapo: njira ya photocatalytic oxidation, electrocatalytic oxidation njira. Njirayi ili ndi ntchito zambiri komanso zotsatira zochititsa chidwi. Ndiukadaulo wapamwamba wamakutidwe ndi okosijeni ndipo uli ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakuthana ndi zovuta zamadzi am'mafakitale ovuta.
4. Njira yothirira ndi mvula:
Njira ya coagulation ndi njira yodziwika bwino yoyeretsera zinyalala pogwiritsa ntchito coagulant. M'pofunika kuwonjezera coagulant ndi coagulant thandizo madzi kuti destabilize colloidal zinthu zovuta precipitate ndi polymerize wina ndi mzake, kuti akhazikike ndi kuchotsa. Ma coagulants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mchere wachitsulo, mchere wa ferrous, aluminiyamu mchere ndi polima.
5. Njira yachilengedwe:
Njira yachilengedwe imawonjezera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku xanthate madzi onyansa, amawongolera zakudya zoyenera kuti apangidwe, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yowononga ndi kagayidwe kazinthu za organic kuti athetse madzi a xanthate. The luso ubwino kwachilengedwenso njira zabwino kwambiri mankhwala zotsatira, palibe kapena yaing'ono yachiwiri kuipitsa ndi mtengo wotsika.
6. Njira ya Microelectrolysis:
Njira ya Micro-electrolysis ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo ka batri kakang'ono kopangidwa ndi kusiyana komwe kungachitike mumlengalenga kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha kuyeretsedwa kwa electrolytic. Njirayi ndiyoyenera kwambiri pochiza madzi otayira achilengedwe omwe ndi ovuta kuwatsitsa. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ochita bwino kwambiri, machitidwe osiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa COD kuchotsa komanso kuwongolera kwachilengedwe kwamadzi onyansa.
Cholinga cha kuyeretsa madzi onyansa ndikulekanitsa zowonongeka m'madzi onyansa mwanjira ina, kapena kuwawola kukhala zinthu zopanda vuto ndi zosasunthika, kuti zimbudzi ziyeretsedwe. Nthawi zambiri kuteteza matenda a ziphe ndi majeremusi; Kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana, pewani zinthu zowoneka ndi fungo losiyanasiyana komanso zosasangalatsa.
Kusamalira madzi onyansa ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo kusankha njira yopangira mankhwala kuyenera kuganiziridwa molingana ndi mtundu wa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi onyansa, madzi omwe amalandira omwe atulutsidwa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kuganizira za chithandizo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matope ndi zotsalira zomwe zimapangidwira poyeretsa madzi onyansa komanso kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri, komanso kukonzanso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito flocculant.
Kusankhidwa kwa njira yoyeretsera madzi oipa kumatengera mtundu, kapangidwe kake, mkhalidwe ndi zofunikira zamadzi zomwe zimawononga zowononga m'madzi onyansa. Njira zochizira madzi oyipa zitha kugawidwa m'njira zakuthupi, njira zama mankhwala ndi njira yachilengedwe.
Njira yathupi: kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi pochiza, kulekanitsa ndi kubwezeretsa zowononga m'madzi otayidwa. Mwachitsanzo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kuposa 1 m'madzi timachotsedwa ndi njira yamvula ndikuchira nthawi yomweyo; Kuyandama (kapena kuyandama kwa mpweya) kumatha kuchotsa madontho amafuta a emulsion kapena zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi kachulukidwe wachibale pafupi ndi 1; Sefa njira akhoza kuchotsa inaimitsidwa particles m'madzi; Njira ya evaporation imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika zinthu zosasunthika zosungunuka m'madzi oipa.
Njira zama Chemical: kubweza zinyalala zosungunuka kapena zinthu za colloidal pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena zochita za physicochemical. Mwachitsanzo, njira za neutralization zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achepetse acidic kapena alkaline madzi oipa; Njira yochotsera zinyalala zimagwiritsa ntchito "kugawa" kwa zinyalala zosungunuka m'magawo awiri ndi kusungunuka kosiyanasiyana kuti mubwezeretse phenols, zitsulo zolemera, ndi zina zotero. Njira ya REDOX imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa kuchepetsa kapena kuwononga oxidizing m'madzi onyansa ndikupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi achilengedwe.
Njira yachilengedwe: kugwiritsa ntchito biochemical zochita za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pochiza zinthu zamoyo m'madzi oyipa. Mwachitsanzo, kusefera kwachilengedwe ndi zinyalala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa zimbudzi zapanyumba kapena madzi otayira opangidwa ndi organic kuti ayeretse zinthu zamoyo posintha ndikuzitsitsa kukhala mchere wosakhazikika.
Njira zomwe zili pamwambazi zili ndi gawo lawo la kusintha, ziyenera kuphunzira kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, kuthandizirana, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingathe kukwaniritsa utsogoleri wabwino. Ndi njira yanji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mtundu wamadzi onyansa, choyamba, malinga ndi mtundu wamadzi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi onyansa, zofunikira zotulutsa madzi pamadzi, mtengo wachuma pakubwezeretsa zinyalala, mawonekedwe a njira zamankhwala, ndi zina zambiri. ndiye kupyolera mu kafukufuku ndi kafukufuku, zoyesera za sayansi, ndipo molingana ndi zizindikiro za kutayika kwa madzi onyansa, mkhalidwe wachigawo ndi kuthekera kwaumisiri ndikutsimikiza.
Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera
Limbikitsani kasamalidwe ka magwero oyipitsa mafakitale kuti mugwiritse ntchito machitidwe osiyanasiyana a kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe, kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe kamakampani amakampani, kulabadira kuwononga mabizinesi akuluakulu ndi apakati, komanso kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati. Tidzapitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yolengeza ndi kulembetsa, njira yolipiritsa ndi zilolezo zotayira zinthu zoipitsa ndi mabizinesi, kulimbikitsa kuyang'anira komwe kumachokera kuipitsidwa, kulinganiza malo otayira zimbudzi, kuyang'anira nthawi zonse ntchito ya malo oyeretsera madzi otayira m'mafakitale, ndikuchotsa zakale. mphamvu yopanga, njira ndi zida. Mapulojekiti atsopano adzayendetsedwa mosamalitsa ndikuvomerezedwa molingana ndi zofunikira pakuwongolera kutulutsa koyipa konse.
Kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka zimbudzi ndikulimbikitsa magwiridwe antchito a malo opangira madzi otayira m'mafakitale Pangani kusintha koyenera kwa dongosolo lachimbudzi, sinthaninso malamulo oyendetsera zonyansa, njira yolipirira ndi kasamalidwe kake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zake, kukhazikitsa njira yatsopano yoperekera zimbudzi, kuti Sewage charge system imathandizira kuti mabizinesi azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira madzi otayira.
Njira zaukadaulo zopewera komanso kuwongolera kuwonongeka kwa madzi otayidwa m'mafakitale
1. Kusintha kwazinthu: sinthani kapangidwe kazinthu ndikuwongolera kapangidwe kazinthu;
2. Kuwongolera gwero la zinyalala: mphamvu, zopangira ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa njira zopangira, kusintha zida ndi luso
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala mokwanira: kuzibwezeretsanso ndi kuzigwiritsanso ntchito;
4. Kupititsa patsogolo kasamalidwe ka kupanga: kachitidwe kantchito, kachitidwe kophunzitsira antchito, kachitidwe kowunika), kukonza ma terminal (kutsimikiza kwa digirii -- ukadaulo wokonza ndi kukhathamiritsa -- ndandanda
Kubwezeretsanso madzi otayira m'mafakitale
Kuchiza ndikugwiritsanso ntchito madzi onyansa m'mafakitale ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika zopulumutsira madzi, zomwe zingaphatikizepo kuzizira, kuchotsa phulusa, madzi ozungulira, kutentha ndi machitidwe ena. Dongosolo la madzi ozizira limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pozungulira, pang'onopang'ono ndi kutsika molingana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wamadzi. Thermal system imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakubwezeretsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthunzi. Ngalande zamakina ena zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochotsa phulusa la hydraulic ndi slag pambuyo pa chithandizo, ndipo madzi osiyanasiyana opangira ndi kukhala ndi moyo amawonedwanso ngati kuyankha kwamadzi panjira yozizirira.
Mabizinesi ambiri ali ndi zimbudzi zopangira zimbudzi, koma zonyansa zopangira madzi onyansa komanso zonyansa zapakhomo pambuyo potulutsa mwachindunji, mabizinesi ochepa okha ndi omwe amatha kuyeretsa madzi onyansa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito, koma kuchuluka kobwezeretsanso sikwambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwamadzi. Chifukwa chake, kuyeretsa kwamadzi ndi madzi onyansa m'mabizinesi am'mafakitale kumatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, makamaka pakupanga, komwe kuli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu koponyedwa.
Pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabizinesi, molingana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamadzi munjira iliyonse, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pafupipafupi kumatha kuzindikirika mpaka pamlingo waukulu, kotero kuti njira iliyonse imapeza zomwe ikufunika, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mopanda madzi. kukwaniritsidwa, kuti muchepetse kuchotsedwa kwamadzi ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa zimbudzi; Njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira madzi zimathanso kutengedwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amadzi onyansa ndi otayira, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazopanga zosiyanasiyana, kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa madzi abwino omwe amatengedwa ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa zimbudzi.
Kuthekera kopulumutsa madzi pakuyeretsa madzi oyipa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito ndikwambiri. Makampani opanga zida zoyendera, amatha kukhala madzi otayira mafuta, electrophoresis madzi otayira, kudula madzi otayira amadzimadzi ndikuyeretsa madzi otayira amadzimadzi, kubwezeretsanso kubiriwira, kukhala mosiyanasiyana ndikupanga. Popanga organic mumakampani a petrochemical, mpweya wa condensate ukhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chamadzi pamayendedwe ozungulira. Madzi a m'chitsime omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga amasinthidwanso ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kubwezeretsanso madzi mumayendedwe ozungulira; Komanso akhoza kuonjezera kugwiritsanso madzi kuya processing chipangizo, madzi ankachitira monga kufalitsidwa dongosolo madzi; Zozizira zina ndi zida zapadera zimafunikira kuziziritsa kwa madzi, koma kugwiritsanso ntchito madzi kungaganizidwenso. Makampani osindikizira ndi utoto ndi mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri. Madzi otayira otayidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zinthu amatha kuthiridwa ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito pochita izi, kapena madzi onse otayira amatha kuthiridwa ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito athunthu kapena mbali yake. Makampani a mowa amatha kukhazikitsa chipangizo chobwezeretsanso condensate, kuchepetsa bwino madzi otentha; Madzi ochapira mabotolo a malo ochitira kumalongeza amatha kubwezeretsedwanso kwa alkali Ⅰ, alkali Ⅱ madzi a makina ochapira mabotolo, madzi a makina otsuka botolo, zida ndi ukhondo wa zomera, ndi zina zotero. Kuthamanga, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pochotsa fumbi la miyala ya boiler ndi desulfurization, slag, chimbudzi cham'chimbudzi, kubiriwira ndi kutayika koyipa m'munda, kutsuka magalimoto, madzi a malo omanga, ndi zina zotero. Madzi otayira a tirigu amatha kutsukidwa ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa fumbi la boiler ndi desulfurization.
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