0102030405
Domestic Wastewater Treatment System Process Equipment Sewage Management Plant
Kusamalira zimbudzi zapakhomo kumatanthauza kuchiza zimbudzi zomwe zimapangidwira m'moyo wa anthu okhala m'matauni, kotero kuti zimagwirizana ndi kutayira ndipo sizimayambitsa kuipitsa chilengedwe. Kufunika kwa chithandizo cham'nyumba zonyansa kumawonekera, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi thanzi laumunthu ndi chitukuko chokhazikika cha chilengedwe.
Choyamba, zimbudzi zapakhomo zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zamoyo ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ngati titayidwa mwachindunji m'chilengedwe, zingayambitse kuipitsa kwakukulu kwa madzi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timadya mpweya wa okosijeni m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi aziwonongeka komanso kusokoneza moyo wa m'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zimbudzi zapakhomo zimakhalanso ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi michere ina yambiri, ngati itatulutsidwa m'madzi, imatha kuyambitsa maluwa a algae, omwe amakhudza mtundu wamadzi komanso zachilengedwe.
Kachiwiri, zimbudzi zapakhomo zimakhalanso ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zovulaza, monga zitsulo zolemera, organic, zotsalira za mankhwala ndi zina zotero. Ngati zinthuzi zitatayidwa mwachindunji m'chilengedwe, zimawononga madzi ndi nthaka, ndikuwononga zachilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Choncho, chithandizo chothandiza cha zimbudzi zapakhomo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotetezera chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zimbudzi zapanyumba kumatha kuzindikiranso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu. Zimbudzi zapakhomo zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zakuthupi ndi zakudya zomwe zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala feteleza wachilengedwe ndi biogas ndi zinthu zina pambuyo pa chithandizo choyenera, kuti azindikire kukonzanso zinthu ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe.
Tsiku ndi tsiku madzi zinyalala moyo, Ndipotu, ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la madzi zinyalala akhala mankhwala, ndipo ambiri a iwo mwachindunji kutayidwa mu mitsinje popanda mankhwala. Ndizoipa kwambiri m'mizinda yaying'ono.
Nthawi zambiri ndowe ndi zina sizimatulutsidwa mwachindunji, koma pali njira zosonkhanitsira.
Kuphatikizika kwa zonyansa m'madzi onyansa ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti njira iliyonse yothandizira ikwaniritse cholinga cha kuyeretsedwa kwathunthu, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatengera njira zingapo kuti apange dongosolo la mankhwala kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za chithandizo.
Malinga ndi digirii yamankhwala osiyanasiyana, njira yopangira madzi otayira imatha kugawidwa kukhala chithandizo choyambirira, chithandizo chachiwiri komanso chithandizo chapamwamba.
Chithandizo choyambirira chimangochotsa zolimba zomwe zayimitsidwa m'madzi otayidwa, makamaka ndi njira zakuthupi, ndipo madzi otayira oyeretsedwa nthawi zambiri sangakwaniritse miyezo yotayira.
Kwa yachiwiri processing dongosolo, choyambirira processing ndi chisanadze processing. Chithandizo chachiwiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chithandizo chachilengedwe, chomwe chimatha kuchotsa kwambiri colloidal ndi kusungunuka organic zinthu m'madzi onyansa, kuti madzi onyansa akwaniritse miyezo yotayira. Komabe, pambuyo mankhwala yachiwiri, pali ena kuchuluka kwa inaimitsidwa nkhani, kusungunuka organic kanthu, kusungunuka inorganic kanthu, asafe ndi phosphorous ndi zina algae kuchulukana zakudya, ndipo muli mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya.
Choncho, izo sizingakhoze kukwaniritsa zofunika za miyezo apamwamba kumaliseche, monga mankhwala mu otaya yaing'ono, osauka dilution mphamvu ya mtsinje zingachititse kuipitsa, sangathe ntchito mwachindunji monga madzi apampopi, madzi mafakitale ndi gwero recharge pansi pansi. Chithandizo chapamwamba ndikuchotsanso zowononga zomwe sizingachotsedwe ndi chithandizo chachiwiri, monga phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi zowononga organic, zowononga zachilengedwe komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe ndizovuta kuzichepetsa ndi biology. Kuchiza kwapamwamba kwa madzi onyansa ndi njira ya "mankhwala apamwamba" yomwe imagwiritsanso ntchito njira zamakina (chemical oxidation, chemical precipitation, etc.) ndi njira yakuthupi ndi mankhwala (adsorption, ion exchange, teknoloji yolekanitsa nembanemba, ndi zina zotero) kuchotsa zowononga zina. pamaziko a yachiwiri mankhwala. Mwachiwonekere, kuyeretsa kwapamwamba kwa madzi onyansa kumawononga ndalama zambiri, koma kungathe kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira.
Madzi onyansa komanso otayira m'mafakitale otayidwa kumalo opangira zimbudzi amatha kuthandizidwa mopanda vuto pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zolekanitsira ndi kutembenuza.
Mfundo Zoyambira
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale otsuka zimbudzi
Pochiza zimbudzi, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsatirazi:
(1) Oxidant: madzi klorini kapena chlorine dioxide kapena hydrogen peroxide,
(2) Wochotsa thovu: kuchuluka kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri;
(3) Flocculant: polyaluminium chloride kapena anionic ndi cationic Polyacrylamide, wotchedwanso anionic pam kapena cationic pam,
(4) Kuchepetsa wothandizira: ferrous sulfate hydrate ndi zina zotero;
(5) Acid-base neutralization: sulfuric acid, quicklime, caustic soda, etc
(6) Mankhwala phosphorous kuchotsa wothandizira ndi othandizira ena.
Njira zoyeretsera & njira zodziwika bwino
Njira yakuthupi: chotsani zolimba zosasungunuka zosasungunuka ndi mafuta m'madzi otayidwa mwakuthupi kapena mwamakina; Kusefera, mpweya, kulekanitsa centrifugal, zoyandama, etc.
Njira yamankhwala: kuwonjezera zinthu zamakina, kudzera muzochita zamakina, kusintha mankhwala kapena thupi la zonyansa m'madzi onyansa, kotero kuti zimasintha pamankhwala kapena thupi, kenako zimachotsedwa m'madzi; Neutralization, makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kuchepetsa, kuwonongeka, flocculation, mpweya mpweya, etc.
Physical chemical method: kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonse zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala kuyeretsa madzi oyipa; Kuvula, kuvula, adsorption, m'zigawo, kuwombola ion, electrolysis, electrodialysis, reverse dialysis, etc.
Njira yazachilengedwe: kugwiritsa ntchito kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, kutulutsa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zowononga zachilengedwe m'madzi onyansa kukhala zinthu zopanda vuto, zomwe zimatchedwanso biochemical treatment njira, ndiyo njira yofunikira kwambiri yopangira madzi onyansa achilengedwe; Dothi loyatsidwa, fyuluta yachilengedwe, tebulo lozungulira lamoyo, dziwe la okosijeni, chimbudzi cha anaerobic, etc.
Mwa iwo, njira yachilengedwe yochizira madzi oyipa imachokera ku njira yomwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timasintha zinthu zovuta kukhala zinthu zosavuta komanso zapoizoni kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni pogwiritsa ntchito ma enzyme. Malingana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za okosijeni za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizo chachilengedwe chikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: chithandizo chabwino cha gasi (oxygen) ndi mankhwala a anaerobic (oxygen). Good mpweya kwachilengedwenso mankhwala ndi pamaso pa mpweya, ndi udindo wabwino mpweya capillaria kuchita. Kudzera muzochita zawo zamoyo - makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kuchepetsa, kaphatikizidwe ndi njira zina, mabakiteriya amathira gawo la zinthu zamoyo kukhala zinthu zosavuta (CO2, H2O, NO3-, PO43-, etc.) ndi kusintha mbali ina ya zinthu zamoyo kukhala michere yofunika kuti zamoyo zizikula komanso kuberekana. Anaerobic kwachilengedwenso mankhwala ikuchitika pakalibe mpweya ndi zochita za anaerobic tizilombo. Pamene mabakiteriya a anaerobic amawononga zinthu zamoyo, amafunika kupeza mpweya wochokera ku CO2, NO3-, PO43- ndi zina zotero kuti asunge zofuna zawo za okosijeni, kotero kuti zowonongeka zawo ndi CH4, H2S, NH3 ndi zina zotero. Kuyeretsa madzi otayidwa ndi njira yachilengedwe, kuwonongeka kwa biodegradability m'madzi oyipa kuyenera kuunikiridwa kaye. Pali zinthu zitatu makamaka: biodegradability, biotreatment mikhalidwe, ndi malire ovomerezeka a zoipitsa zomwe zimalepheretsa zochita za tizilombo m'madzi onyansa. Biodegradability imatanthawuza momwe, kudzera muzochita zamoyo zamoyo, kapangidwe kake kazinthu zoipitsa kumatha kusinthidwa, motero kusintha kwamankhwala ndi thupi la zoipitsa. Pakuti mpweya wabwino kwachilengedwenso mankhwala amatanthauza kuthekera kwa zoipitsa kusandulika CO2, H2O ndi kwachilengedwenso zinthu ndi tizilombo kudzera wapakatikati metabolites ndi kutembenuka mlingo wa zoipitsa zimenezi pansi zabwino mpweya mikhalidwe. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kuwola bwino zowononga zachilengedwe pokhapokha pazifukwa zina (zakudya, chilengedwe, ndi zina). Kusankha koyenera kwa kadyedwe koyenera komanso kakhalidwe ka chilengedwe kungapangitse kuti kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kuyende bwino. Kupyolera mu kafukufuku wa zamoyo processing, n'zotheka kudziwa zosiyanasiyana mikhalidwe imeneyi, monga pH, kutentha, ndi chiŵerengero cha carbon, nayitrogeni, ndi phosphorous.
Pakafukufuku wobwezeretsanso zinthu zamadzi, anthu amalabadira kwambiri kuchotsedwa kwa tinthu tating'ono ta nano-micron. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta nano-micron m'madzi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochepera 1um. zikuchokera awo ndi zovuta kwambiri, monga zosiyanasiyana zabwino dongo mchere, kupanga organic kanthu, humus, mafuta ndi algae zinthu, etc. Monga chonyamulira ndi mphamvu adsorption mphamvu, zabwino dongo mchere zambiri adsorb poizoni heavy metal ayoni, organic zoipitsa, tizilombo tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. zoipitsa zina pamwamba. Humus ndi algae zinthu m'madzi achilengedwe amatha kupanga chlorinated hydrocarbon carcinogens ndi chlorine m'kati mwa chlorine disinfection mumadzi oyeretsera. Kukhalapo kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta nano-micron sikumangokhudza mwachindunji kapena kuwononga thanzi la munthu, komanso kumawononga kwambiri mikhalidwe yamadzi ndikuwonjezera zovuta zakuthira madzi, monga momwe amachitira ochiritsira madzi otayira m'tawuni. Zotsatira zake, floc ya thanki yosungiramo madzi imayandama m'mwamba ndipo thanki yosefera imakhala yosavuta kulowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa utsi komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Ukadaulo wochiritsira wanthawi zonse sungathe kuchotsa zowononga za nano-micron m'madzi, ndipo njira zina zamakono zamankhwala monga ultrafiltation nembanemba ndi reverse osmosis ndizovuta kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa chandalama zambiri komanso mtengo wake. Chifukwa chake, pakufunika kufunikira kofufuza ndikupanga ukadaulo watsopano, wothandiza komanso wachuma.
Zida zopangira
Dongosolo lachimbudzi m'nyumba limafunikira zida zosiyanasiyana, zotsatirazi ndizo zida zochizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:
1. Grille: amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinthu zazikuluzikulu m'madzi onyansa, monga mapepala, nsalu, ndi zina.
2. Thanki ya mchenga: imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mchenga ndi mchenga ndi tinthu tating'ono tolimba m'madzi oipa.
3. Tanki ya sedimentation: yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza choyambirira, zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi matope oyimitsidwa m'madzi onyansa zimayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka.
4. thanki yoyandama ya mpweya: yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza choyambirira, chinthu choyimitsidwa m'madzi otayidwa chimayandama kudzera m'machitidwe a thovu, kenako chimachotsedwa ndi scraper.
5. Zosefera: pochiza choyambirira, kudzera mu sefa sing'anga kuti muchotse zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi organic m'madzi oyipa.
6. Anamulowetsa sludge reaction thanki: ntchito mankhwala wapakatikati, powonjezera adamulowetsa sludge ndi mpweya, kuti tizilombo akhoza decompress organic zinthu m'madzi oipa.
7. Anaerobic digester: ntchito yapakatikati mankhwala, mwa zochita za tizilombo pansi pa zinthu anaerobic, organic nkhani mu madzi oipa ndi n'kukhala biogas.
8. Biofilm reactor: yogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza apakatikati, zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi otayira zimawonongeka chifukwa cha zochita za biofilm.
9. Zosefera zakuya: zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamankhwala apamwamba kuti achotsere zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi otayidwa kudzera muzosefera 10. Activated carbon adsorber: amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chapamwamba kuchotsa zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi otayidwa potengera kaboni.
11. Ozone oxidation reactor: chithandizo chapamwamba, kupyolera mu okosijeni wa ozoni kuchotsa zinthu zamoyo m'madzi oipa.
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