0102030405
Ntugharị Osmosis Osisi Usoro Akụrụngwa Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọgwụ Mmiri
Mmalite oru ngo
Ụkpụrụ nke reverse osmosis system
N'otu oge okpomọkụ, a na-eji akpụkpọ anụ nke na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na-ekewapụ mmiri dị ọhụrụ na saline. Mmiri ọhụrụ ahụ na-aga na saline site na akpụkpọ ahụ nke na-eme ka ọ dị ntakịrị. Ka mmiri mmiri dị n'akụkụ saline nke ventricle aka nri na-ebili, a na-emepụta ụfọdụ nrụgide iji gbochie mmiri dị ọhụrụ site na ventricle aka ekpe ịkwaga n'akụkụ saline, n'ikpeazụkwa a ruru nha nha. Nrụgide nha anya n'oge a ka a na-akpọ nrụgide osmotic nke ngwọta, ihe a na-akpọkwa osmosis. Ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye nrụgide mpụga nke karịrị nrụgide osmotic n'akụkụ saline nke ventricle aka nri, mmiri dị na ngwọta nnu nke ventricle aka nri ga-aga na mmiri ọhụrụ nke ventricle aka ekpe site na akpụkpọ ahụ nke ọkara, nke mere na ọ dị ọhụrụ. enwere ike ikewapụ mmiri na mmiri nnu. Ihe a na-eme bụ ihe dị iche na ihe nhụsianya nke ike, nke a na-akpọ ihe nhụsianya nke ntụgharị.
Ya mere, ndabere nke reverse osmosis desalination usoro bụ
(1) The nhọrọ permeability nke ọkara permeable membrane, ya bụ, họrọ ka mmiri gafee ma ghara ikwe ka nnu si;
(2) Nrụgide dị n'èzí nke ụlọ saline dị ukwuu karịa nrụgide osmotic nke ụlọ saline na ụlọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ, nke na-enye ike na-eme ka mmiri na-esi na ụlọ saline gaa n'ime ụlọ mmiri ọhụrụ. A na-egosipụta nrụgide osmotic a na-ahụkarị maka ụfọdụ ngwọta na tebụl n'okpuru.
![xqs (1)gus](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-02/65c0a18a0989041351.jpg)
A na-akpọ akpụkpọ ahụ nke dị n'elu ọkara-permeable nke a na-eji kewapụ mmiri dị ọhụrụ na mmiri nnu na-akpọ reverse osmosis membrane. Reverse osmosis akpụkpọ anụ na-akasị mere nke polymer ihe. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị akpụkpọ anụ osmosis reverse osmosis eme ihe n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ bụ ihe ndị mejupụtara polyamide aromatic.
RO (Reverse Osmosis) teknụzụ mgbanwe osmosis bụ nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ na teknụzụ nzacha nke na-akwado site na nrụgide nrụgide. Ogo pore ya dị ntakịrị ka nanometer (1 nanometer = 10-9 mita). N'okpuru nrụgide ụfọdụ, ụmụ irighiri H20 nwere ike ịgafe RO membrane, Inorganic salts, ion metal metal, organic matter, colloids, bacteria, nje na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ na isi iyi mmiri enweghị ike ịgafe site na RO akpụkpọ ahụ, nke mere na mmiri dị ọcha nke nwere ike ịgafe. site na na mmiri gbasiri ike nke na-apụghị ịgafe nwere ike ịmata nke ọma.
![xqs (2)36e](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-02/65c0a1beaa01589978.jpg)
N'ime ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, osisi reverse osmosis na-eji akụrụngwa pụrụ iche iji kwado usoro ntụgharị osmosis. Emebere sistemu reverse osmosis nke ụlọ ọrụ iji gwọọ oke mmiri ma jiri ya na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche gụnyere ọrụ ugbo, ọgwụ na imepụta ihe. Ngwá ọrụ ndị a na-eji na usoro ndị a bụ kpọmkwem iji hụ na usoro ntụgharị osmosis na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma dị irè n'ịmepụta mmiri dị ọcha site na isi mmiri nnu.
Usoro ntụgharị osmosis bụ teknụzụ dị mkpa maka ịsa mmiri mmiri, nke nwere ike inye mmiri dị mma na mpaghara ebe mmiri dị ụkọ ma ọ bụ ebe mmiri ọdịnala na-emerụ. Ka akụrụngwa osmosis na teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, usoro a ka bụ isi ihe ngwọta maka ụkọ mmiri na okwu ịdị mma gburugburu ụwa.
Isi njirimara nke akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis reverse:
Ntuziaka na njirimara nkewa nke nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ
Bara uru reverse osmosis akpụkpọ ahụ bụ asymmetric akpụkpọ, e nwere elu oyi akwa na nkwado oyi akwa, o nwere doro anya ntụziaka na selectivity. Nke a na-akpọ directivity bụ itinye akpụkpọ ahụ n'elu akwa nrụgide brine maka desalting, nrụgide na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ mmiri na-eme ka mmiri dịkwuo elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ desalting na-abawanye; Mgbe a na-etinye akwa oyi akwa nke akpụkpọ ahụ na brine nrụgide dị elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ nkwụsịtụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 0 na mmụba nke nrụgide, ma mmiri na-eme ka mmiri na-abawanye nke ukwuu. N'ihi ntụzịaka a, enweghị ike iji ya mee ihe ọzọ mgbe etinyere ya.
Njirimara nkewa nke reverse osmosis maka ion na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri abụghị otu, nke nwere ike ichikota dị ka ndị a.
(1) Organic okwu dị mfe ikewapụ karịa inorganic ihe
(2) Electrolytes dị mfe ikewapụ karịa ndị na-abụghị electrolytes. Electrolytes nwere nnukwu ụgwọ dị mfe ikewapụ, na ọnụego mwepụ ha na-abụkarị n'usoro a. Fe3+> Ca2+> Na+ PO43-> S042-> C | - maka electrolyte, ka molekul buru ibu, ọ dị mfe iwepụ.
(3) Mwepụ nke ion inorganic na-ejikọta ya na hydrate na radius nke ion hydrated na steeti ion hydration. Ka nnukwu radius nke ion hydrated dị, ọ dị mfe iwepụ ya. Usoro nke mwepụta bụ nke a:
Mg2+, Ca2+> Li+> Na+> K+; F-> C|-> Br-> NO3-
(4) Iwu nkewa nke ihe ọkụkụ polar:
Aldehyde > Mmanya > Amine > Acid, tertiary amine > Amine nke abụọ > Primary amine, citric acid > Tartaric acid > Malic acid > Lactic acid > Acetic acid
Ọganihu na nso nso a na ọgwụgwọ gas n'efu na-anọchite anya ọganihu dị ukwuu n'ịgbaso ihe ịma aka gburugburu ebe obibi ma na-enye ohere maka azụmahịa iji mee nke ọma n'ụzọ na-adigide, na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ihe ngwọta ọhụrụ a ga-enwe mmetụta dị mma n'ọhịa nke ọgwụgwọ gas na-ekpofu ihe na nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na nkwa ya nke ịrụ ọrụ dị elu, ụgwọ ọrụ dị ala na mmetọ nke abụọ efu.
![xqs (3) eg](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-02/65c0a20de776c60445.jpg)
(5) Otu ụzọ isomers: tert-> Dị iche (iso-)> Zhong (sec-)> Mbụ (pri-)
(6) Ọrụ nkewa nnu sodium nke ihe ndị dị ndụ dị mma, ebe phenol na phenol n'usoro ntule na-egosi nkewa na-adịghị mma. Mgbe aqueous ngwọta nke polar ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị polar, dissociated ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị nke organic solutes kewapụrụ site akpụkpọ ahụ, mmekọrịta agha n'etiti solute, ihe mgbaze na akpụkpọ ahụ na-ekpebi permeability nke akpụkpọ ahụ. Mmetụta ndị a gụnyere ike electrostatic, hydrogen bond bonding force, hydrophobicity na nnyefe elektrọn.
(7) N'ozuzu, solutes enwechaghị mmetụta na akụrụngwa anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nyefe ihe nke akpụkpọ ahụ. Naanị phenol ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ogige organic dị arọ dị ala ga-eme ka acetate cellulose gbasaa na ngwọta mmiri. Ịdị adị nke ihe ndị a ga-eme ka mmiri na-asọ oyi nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-ebelata, mgbe ụfọdụ ọtụtụ.
(8) Mmetụta mwepụ nke nitrate, perchlorate, cyanide na thiocyanate adịghị mma dị ka chloride, na mwepụ nke nnu ammonium adịghị mma dị ka nnu sodium.
(9) Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị nwere oke molecular dị elu karịa 150, ma ọ bụ electrolyte ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị electrolyte, nwere ike iwepụ nke ọma.
Na mgbakwunye, akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis reverse maka aromatic hydrocarbons, cycloalkanes, alkanes na sodium chloride nkewa iji dị iche.
![xqs (4)rj5](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-02/65c0a268a88df71151.jpg)
(2) Mgbapu nrụgide dị elu
N'ime ọrụ nke akpụkpọ anụ osmosis reverse, ọ dị mkpa ka ezipụ mmiri na nrụgide a kapịrị ọnụ site na mgbapụta nrụgide dị elu iji mezue usoro nkwụsị. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mgbapụta nrụgide dị elu nke a na-eji na-arụ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ nwere centrifugal, plunger na screw na ụdị ndị ọzọ, n'ime nke a bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na multi-stage centrifugal. Nke a nwere ike iru karịa 90% ma chekwaa oriri ike. Ụdị mgbapụta a na-eji arụmọrụ dị elu mara.
(3) Ntughari ontology osmosis
The reverse osmosis body bụ ngwakọta mmiri na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ nke na-ejikọta ma jikọta akụkụ akpụkpọ anụ osmosis na-agbanwe agbanwe na ọkpọkọ na nhazi ụfọdụ. A na-akpọ otu akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis reverse osmosis element. A na-ejikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nhụta nke ihe mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis n'usoro n'usoro dịka ụfọdụ chọrọ ọrụ aka ma gbakọta ya na otu shei mkpuchi osmosis na-agbanwe agbanwe iji mepụta akụkụ akpụkpọ ahụ.
1. Membrane element
Ihe mebere osmosis akpụkpọ anụ Akpụkpọ ụkwụ bụ isi nke ejiri akpụkpọ ahụ azụ osmosis mee ihe yana ihe nkwado nwere ọrụ eji eme ihe. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-emepụta eriri igwe eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị na-emepụta akpụkpọ anụ dị iche iche na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche nke akpụkpọ anụ maka ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Enwere ike kewaa ihe membrane etinyere n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche n'ime: nnukwu nrụgide mmiri mmiri na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị na-atụgharị osmosis akpụkpọ anụ; Obere nrụgide na ultra-obere nsogbu brackish mmiri na-emebi ihe ndị na-agbanwe akpụkpọ ahụ; Ihe mgbochi mebere akpụkpọ ahụ.
![xqs (5) o65](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-02/65c0a293ef40721980.jpg)
Ihe ndị bụ isi a chọrọ maka ihe ndị mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ bụ:
A. Ngwunye ihe nkiri dị elu dị ka o kwere mee.
B. Ọ dịghị mfe itinye uche polarization
C. Ike mgbochi mmetọ siri ike
D. Ọ dị mma iji hichaa ma dochie akpụkpọ ahụ
E. Ọnụahịa dị ọnụ ala
2.Membrane shei
A na-akpọ ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide a na-ebunye ihe ngbanwe osmosis akpụkpọ anụ na ngwaọrụ ahụ osmosis nke a na-akpọ akpụkpọ anụ akpụkpọ anụ, nke a makwaara dị ka "ụgbọ nrụgide" na-emepụta ihe bụ ike Haide, ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla dị ihe dị ka mita asaa n'ogologo.
A na-ejikarị akwa akwa akwa akwa akwa akwa akwa epoxy iko mee ka shei nke ihe nkiri ahụ na-eme, na ahịhịa mpụta bụ agba epoxy. E nwekwara ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ngwaahịa maka ihe nkiri igwe anaghị agba nchara. N'ihi nguzogide corrosion siri ike nke FRP, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ na-ahọrọ shei ihe nkiri FRP. Ihe nke arịa nrụgide bụ FRP.
Ihe ndị na-emetụta arụmọrụ usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri osmosis:
Maka ọnọdụ sistemu akọwapụtara nke ọma, mmụba mmiri na ọnụego desalting bụ njirimara nke akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis na-agbanwe, yana enwere ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta nrịba mmiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ mbibi nke ahụ osmosis, ọkachasị gụnyere nrụgide, okpomọkụ, ọnụego mgbake, salinity na-emetụta na uru pH.
![xq (6) 19l](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-02/65c0a2cee748a13097.jpg)
(1) Mmetụta nrụgide
Nrụgide mbata nke akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis reverse na-emetụta kpọmkwem ntugharị akpụkpọ ahụ yana ọnụ ọgụgụ na-emebi emebi nke akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis. Mmụba nke mgbawa akpụkpọ ahụ nwere njikọ kwụ ọtọ na nrụgide ntinye nke azụ osmosis. Ọnụego nkwụsịtụ ahụ nwere mmekọrịta dị n'ahịrị na nrụgide na-emetụta ya, ma mgbe nrụgide ahụ ruru ụfọdụ uru, mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nkwụsịtụ na-emekarị ka ọ dị larịị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nkwụsịtụ adịghịzi abawanye.
(2) Mmetụta okpomọkụ
Ọnụego mkpochapụ na-ebelata site na mmụba nke okpomoku ntinye nke reverse osmosis. Otú ọ dị, mmiri na-amịpụta mmiri na-abawanye fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ linearly. Isi ihe kpatara ya bụ na mgbe okpomọkụ na-abawanye, viscosity nke mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri na-ebelata na ike mgbasa ozi siri ike, ya mere mmiri na-agbapụta na-abawanye. Site na mmụba nke okpomọkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nnu na-agafe na reverse osmosis membrane ga-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ngwa ngwa, ya mere a ga-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nsị. Okpomọkụ mmiri ọkụ bụ ihe ntụnye aka dị mkpa maka imewe sistemu osmosis. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ na-eme mgbanwe teknụzụ nke injinia osmosis, a na-agbakọ mmiri mmiri nke mmiri mmiri n'ime imewe dị ka 25 ℃, na nrụgide mbata gbakọrọ bụ 1.6MPa. Otú ọ dị, mmiri okpomọkụ na n'ezie ọrụ nke usoro bụ naanị 8 ℃, na mbata mgbali ga-abawanye na 2.0MPa iji hụ na imewe eruba nke ọhụrụ mmiri. N'ihi ya, ike oriri nke usoro ọrụ ahụ na-abawanye, ndụ nke mgbanaka akara nke ime nke akụkụ akpụkpọ ahụ nke ngwaọrụ reverse osmosis na-ebelata, na-abawanye ụba nke mmezi nke akụrụngwa.
(3) Mmetụta ọdịnaya nnu
Ntinye nke nnu n'ime mmiri bụ ihe nrịbama dị mkpa na-emetụta nrụgide osmotic akpụkpọ ahụ, na nrụgide osmotic akpụkpọ ahụ na-abawanye na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nnu. N'okpuru ọnọdụ na nrụgide ntinye nke reverse osmosis na-anọgide na-agbanweghị, ọdịnaya nnu nke mmiri ntinye na-abawanye. N'ihi na mmụba nke nrụgide osmotic na-eweghachi akụkụ nke ike ntinye, mmụgharị ahụ na-ebelata na ọnụ ọgụgụ ịsa mmiri na-ebelatakwa.
(4) Mmetụta nke mgbake ọnụego
Mmụba nke mgbake nke usoro ntụgharị osmosis ga-eduga n'ịdị elu nnu nke mmiri ntinye nke akpụkpọ ahụ n'akụkụ ụzọ ntụgharị, na-ebute mmụba nke nrụgide osmotic. Nke a ga-ewepụ mmetụta ịkwọ ụgbọ ala nke nrịba mmiri nbanye nke reverse osmosis, si otú a na-ebelata mmụgharị mmiri. Mmụba nke ọdịnaya nnu na mmiri ntinye nke akpụkpọ ahụ akpụkpọ ahụ na-eduga n'ịba ụba nke nnu na mmiri dị ọhụrụ, si otú a na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nsị. N'ime usoro nhazi ahụ, ọnụego mgbake kachasị nke reverse osmosis system anaghị adabere na njedebe nke nrụgide osmotic, ma ọ na-adaberekarị na ihe mejupụtara na ọdịnaya nke nnu na mmiri raw, n'ihi na site na mmụba nke mgbake ọnụego, micro-soluble salts. dị ka calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate na silicon ga-abawanye na usoro ịta ahụhụ.
(5) Mmetụta nke uru pH
Oke pH nke na-emetụta ụdị akpụkpọ anụ dị iche iche na-adịgasị iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri na-agbapụta mmiri na nkwụsị nke akpụkpọ anụ acetate na-emekarị ka ọ kwụsie ike na nsonye nke pH uru 4-8, ma na-emetụta ya na oke pH dị n'okpuru 4 ma ọ bụ karịa 8. Ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke Ihe akpụkpọ anụ eji eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ mmiri nke ụlọ ọrụ bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya, nke na-emegharị na ọnụ ahịa pH dịgasị iche iche (ọnụahịa pH nwere ike ịchịkwa na nso nke 3 ~ 10 na-arụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu, na nrịbama akpụkpọ ahụ na desalination ọnụego na nso a dịtụ kwụsiri ike). .
Usoro ọgwụgwọ tupu ọgwụgwọ osmosis membrane:
Reverse osmosis membrane filtration dị iche na nzacha bed filter filtration, nzacha bed bụ zuru filtration, ya bụ, raw mmiri niile site nzacha oyi akwa. Reverse osmosis membrane filtration bụ ụzọ nzacha gafere, ya bụ, akụkụ nke mmiri dị n'ime mmiri dị ndụ na-agafe akpụkpọ ahụ n'akụkụ kwụ ọtọ na akpụkpọ ahụ. N'oge a, akpụkpọ ahụ na-ejide nnu na ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe dị iche iche, ma na-eme ya site na akụkụ nke fọdụrụ nke mmiri mmiri na-asọba n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ, ma enweghi ike iwepụ ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ kpamkpam. Ka oge na-aga, mmetọ ndị fọdụrụnụ ga-eme ka mmetọ nke akpụkpọ ahụ dị njọ karị. Ma ka mmụba mmiri na-emetọ mmiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbake, ka mmetọ akpụkpọ ahụ na-adị ngwa ngwa.
![xqs (7)umo](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-02/65c0a351e96eb86197.jpg)
1. njikwa nha
Mgbe nnu na-adịghị ike n'ime mmiri dị ndụ na-anọgide na-elekwasị anya na mmewere akpụkpọ ahụ ma gafere oke ike ha, ha ga-ebuli elu n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis, nke a na-akpọ "scaling". Mgbe a na-ekpebi isi iyi mmiri, ka ọnụọgụ mgbake nke usoro ntụgharị osmosis na-abawanye, ihe ize ndụ nke scaling na-abawanye. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ omenala na-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ nrụgharịgharị n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ma ọ bụ mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mkpofu mmiri na-ekpofu. N'okwu a, usoro njikwa nlegharị anya na-eche echiche dị mkpa karịsịa. Na reverse osmosis usoro, ndị nkịtị refractory salts bụ CaCO3, CaSO4 na Si02, na ndị ọzọ ogige nwere ike ịmepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ CaF2, BaS04, SrS04 na Ca3(PO4)2. Ụzọ a na-ejikarị egbochi ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ ịgbakwunye ihe mgbochi ọnụ ọgụgụ. Ndị na-egbochi ọnụ ọgụgụ ejiri na ogbako m bụ Nalco PC191 na Europe na America NP200.
2.Control OF colloidal na siri ike urughuru ofufe
Colloid na urughuru emebi emebi nwere ike imetụta arụmọrụ nke reverse osmosis membrane ọcha, dị ka mbelata dị ịrịba ama na mmepụta mmiri ọhụrụ, mgbe ụfọdụ na-ebelata desalination ọnụego, akara mbụ nke colloid na urughuru ihie bụ mmụba nke nrụgide dị iche n'etiti mbata na mwepu nke reverse osmosis membrane components.
Kacha nkịtị ụzọ ikpe na mmiri colloid na ahụ na reverse osmosis membrane ọcha bụ ịlele SDI uru mmiri, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ F uru (mmetọ index), nke bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa na-egosi iji nyochaa ọrụ nke reverse osmosis pretreatment usoro. .
SDI(silt density index) bụ mgbanwe nke mmiri nzacha ọsọ kwa nkeji oge iji gosi mmetọ nke mmiri dị mma. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke colloid na particulate n'ime mmiri ga-emetụta nha SDI. Enwere ike ikpebi uru SDI site na ngwa SDI.
![xqs (8) mmk](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-02/65c0a391f1e2144847.jpg)
3. Njikwa mmetọ microbial akpụkpọ ahụ
Microorganisms dị n'ime mmiri dị ndụ gụnyere nje bacteria, algae, fungi, nje na ihe ndị ọzọ dị elu. Na usoro nke reverse osmosis, microorganisms na etisasịwo nri n'ime mmiri ga-anọgide na-etinye uche na ọgaranya na akpụkpọ ahụ element, nke na-aghọ ezigbo gburugburu ebe obibi na usoro maka e guzobere biofilm. Mmetọ ndu nke ihe mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis ga-emetụta oke arụmọrụ nke sistemu osmosis. Ọdịiche nrụgide dị n'etiti ntinye na mpụta nke akụkụ osmosis reverse osmosis na-abawanye ngwa ngwa, na-ebute mbelata nke mkpụrụ mmiri nke ihe mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, mmetọ ndu ga-eme n'akụkụ mmepụta mmiri, na-ebute mmetọ nke mmiri ngwaahịa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ịkwado ngwaọrụ reverse osmosis na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ, a na-ahụ moss green na akpụkpọ ahụ na pipụ mmiri ọhụrụ, nke bụ mmetọ microbial.
Ozugbo microorganisms metọọ akụkụ akpụkpọ ahụ ma mepụta biofilm, ihicha ihe mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ siri ike. Na mgbakwunye, biofilms na-ewepụghị kpamkpam ga-eme ka uto ngwa ngwa nke microorganisms ọzọ. Ya mere, njikwa nke microorganisms bụkwa otu n'ime ọrụ kachasị mkpa nke pretreatment, karịsịa maka reverse osmosis pretreatment system site na iji mmiri mmiri, mmiri elu na mmiri mkpofu dị ka isi mmiri.
Ụzọ bụ isi iji gbochie microorganisms akpụkpọ ahụ bụ: chlorine, microfiltration ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ ultrafiltration, ozone oxidation, ultraviolet sterilization, na-agbakwunye sodium bisulfite. Ụzọ ndị a na-ejikarị na usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ bụ chlorination sterilization na ultrafiltration water treatment technology tupu atụgharị osmosis.
Dị ka onye na-emepụta ọgwụ, chlorine na-enwe ike ime ka ọtụtụ microorganisms pathogenic rụọ ọrụ ngwa ngwa. Ịrụ ọrụ chlorine na-adabere na ntinye nke chlorine, pH nke mmiri, na oge kọntaktị. N'ime ngwa injinia, a na-achịkwa chlorine fọdụrụ n'ime mmiri karịa 0.5 ~ 1.0mg, yana oge mmeghachi omume na-achịkwa na 20 ~ 30min. Ekwesịrị ikpebi usoro ọgwụgwọ chlorine site na debugging, n'ihi na ihe ndị dị na mmiri ga-erikwa chlorine. A na-eji chlorine eme ihe maka ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, yana uru pH kacha mma bụ 4 ~ 6.
Ojiji nke chlorination na sistemu mmiri oke osimiri dị iche na nke dị na mmiri brack. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-enwe ihe dịka 65mg nke bromine na mmiri mmiri. Mgbe a na-eji hydrogen na-edozi mmiri mmiri nke mmiri mmiri, ọ ga-ebu ụzọ meghachi omume na hypochlorous acid iji mepụta hypobromous acid, nke mere na nje bacteria na-emetụta ya bụ hypowet acid kama hypochlorous acid, na hypobromous acid agaghị erere na ọnụ ahịa pH dị elu. Ya mere, mmetụta nke chlorination dị mma karịa na mmiri brackish.
N'ihi na ihe mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ nke ihe mejupụtara nwere ụfọdụ ihe achọrọ na chlorine fọdụrụ n'ime mmiri, ọ dị mkpa iji mee ọgwụgwọ mbelata dechlorination mgbe sterilization chlorine gasịrị.
![xq (9)254](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-02/65c0a3d80311163395.jpg)
4. Njikwa mmetọ organic
Mgbasa ozi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ ga-eme ka mbelata nke akpụkpọ anụ ahụ, na n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ọ ga-eme ka mfu nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-enweghị ike ịgbanwe ma na-emetụta ndụ bara uru nke akpụkpọ ahụ.
Maka mmiri dị n'elu, ọtụtụ n'ime mmiri bụ ngwaahịa sitere n'okike, site na nkọwapụta coagulation, DC coagulation filtration na carbon filtration na-arụ ọrụ usoro ọgwụgwọ jikọtara ọnụ, nwere ike belata ihe ndị dị na mmiri na mmiri, iji mezuo ihe ndị a chọrọ na mmiri osmosis.
5. njikwa polarization ntinye uche
N'ime usoro nke reverse osmosis, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-enwe gradient dị elu n'etiti mmiri a na-etinye n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ na mmiri na-emetụta ya, nke a na-akpọ polarization ntinye uche. Mgbe ihe a na-eme, a ga-emepụta oyi akwa nke ntinye uche dị elu na nke kwụsiri ike nke a na-akpọ "akwa oyi akwa" n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ, nke na-egbochi mmejuputa nke ọma nke usoro ntụgharị osmosis. Nke a bụ n'ihi na polarization nke itinye uche ga-eme ka ihe ngwọta na-eme ka nrụgide dị n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ dịkwuo elu, na ike ịkwọ ụgbọala nke usoro osmosis na-agbanwe ga-ebelata, na-ebute mbelata nke mkpụrụ mmiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke desalination. Mgbe nchikota nke itinye uche dị oke njọ, ụfọdụ nnu gbazere ntakịrị ga-ebuli elu na ọnụ ọgụgụ n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ. Iji zere itinye uche na polarization, usoro dị irè bụ iji mee ka mmiri na-asọba na-eme ka mmiri na-agbakọta mgbe niile na-anọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ mgbagwoju anya, ya bụ, site n'ịba ụba nke ntinye ntinye iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmiri na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu, nke mere na ntinye nke micro-agbaze. nnu n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ na-ebelata ka ọ dị ala; Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mgbe emechibidoro ngwaọrụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri osmosis, a ga-asacha mmiri a na-etinye n'akụkụ akụkụ nke mmiri a na-etinye n'ime ya n'oge.
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