0102030405
Membrane Bioreactor MBR ngwungwu Sistemu Ngwọta Mmiri na-ekpofu ahịhịa
Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke mbr membrane bioreactor
MBR membrane bioreactor (MBR) bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-adịghị mma nke na-ejikọta teknụzụ nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ na teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ ndu. Ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya dabere na isi ihe ndị a:
Teknụzụ nkewa nke membrane: A na-ekewa akpụkpọ ahụ MBR site na ultrafiltration ma ọ bụ teknụzụ microfiltration akpụkpọ anụ, na-edochi tankị sedimentation nke abụọ na ngalaba filtration nke ọdịnala na usoro ọgwụgwọ nsị mmiri ọdịnala. Nke a na nkà na ụzụ nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè ọnyà sludge na-arụ ọrụ na macromolecular organic okwu, ka nweta siri ike-mmiri nkewa.
![Sistemụ bioreactor mbr akpụkpọ ahụ (1) 6h0](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-06/mbr-membrane-bioreactor-system-1.jpg)
Nkewa nkewa siri ike nke dị elu: ike dị elu nke ikewapụ mmiri siri ike nke MBR membrane bioreactor na-eme ka mmiri na-asọ asọ dị mma, ihe kwụsịtụrụ na turbidity dị nso na efu, ma nwee ike ijide ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe ndị dị ndụ dị ka E. coli. O doro anya na ịdị mma na-asọpụta mgbe a gwọchara ya dị elu karịa usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ọdịnala, yana ọ bụ teknụzụ na-ejigharị akụrụngwa mmiri na-ekpofu ọkụ nke ọma na nke bara uru.
Nkwalite mmetụta ọgwụgwọ: Usoro akpụkpọ anụ MBR na-ewusi ọrụ nke bioreactor ike nke ukwuu site na teknụzụ nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ, ma bụrụ otu n'ime teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ na-ekwe nkwa ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro ọgwụgwọ ọdịnala ọdịnala. Ọ nwere uru doro anya dị ka oke mwepụ nke ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe, nguzogide siri ike na ọzịza sludge, ịdị mma ikuku siri ike na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.
![Mbr membrane bioreactor sistemu (2) sy0](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-06/mbr-membrane-bioreactor-system-2.jpg)
Akụrụngwa akụrụngwa: The njirimara nke MBR akpụkpọ ahụ usoro ụlọ nsị ọgwụgwọ akụrụngwa gụnyere elu mwepụ ọnụego nke mmetọ, ike iguzogide sludge ọzịza, kwụsiri ike na a pụrụ ịdabere na effluent mmiri mma, n'ibu mmechi nke akpụkpọ ahụ iji zere ọnwụ nke microorganisms, na elu sludge ịta nwere ike. A ga-edobe ya na bioreactor.
MBR akpụkpọ anụ bioreactor site n'ụkpụrụ ndị a dị n'elu, iji nweta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ nsị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nke kwụsiri ike, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ nsị ụlọ, ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.
Ngwakọta nke MBR membrane bioreactor
Usoro membrane bioreactor (MBR) na-enwekarị akụkụ ndị a:
1. Mmiri ntinye mmiri: olulu mmiri na-abanye mmiri nwere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-asọfe na ọnụ ụzọ ntinye mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na oke mmiri ahụ gafere ibu sistemu ma ọ bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ nwere ihe ọghọm, a na-emechi ọnụ ụzọ mbata mmiri, a na-ewepụkwa nsị mmiri ozugbo n'ime osimiri ma ọ bụ netwọọdụ ọkpọkọ obodo dị nso site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.
2. Grid: nsị na-enwekarị ọtụtụ irighiri ihe, iji hụ na arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke membrane bioreactor, ọ dị mkpa iji gbochie ụdị ọ bụla nke eriri, slag, akwụkwọ mkpofu na irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ n'èzí usoro ahụ, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa ịtọ. okporo tupu usoro, na mgbe niile hichaa okporo slag.
![mbr membrane bioreactor system (3) g5s](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-06/mbr-membrane-bioreactor-system-3.jpg)
3.Regulation tank: Ọnụ ọgụgụ na àgwà nke nsị mmiri na-anakọta na-agbanwe na oge. Iji hụ na arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke usoro ọgwụgwọ na-esote ma belata ibu ọrụ, ọ dị mkpa iji dozie ọnụọgụ na ịdị mma nke nsị, ya mere a na-emepụta tankị iwu tupu ịbanye usoro ọgwụgwọ ndu. Ọ dị mkpa ka a na-ehicha tankị ntụ oyi site na sedimenti mgbe niile. A na-edobe ọdọ mmiri na-achịkwa ka ọ ga-ejupụta, nke nwere ike hụ na arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke usoro ahụ mgbe ibu dị oke.
4. Onye na-achịkọta ntutu: N'ime usoro mmiri mmiri, n'ihi na mmiri mmiri a na-ekpo ọkụ anakọtara nwere obere ntutu na eriri na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mma nke grid enweghị ike igbochi kpamkpam, ọ ga-eme ka nkwụsị nke mgbapụta na MBR reactor, si otú ahụ belata. ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, ya mere a na-etinye akpụkpọ anụ bioreactor nke ụlọ ọrụ anyị na-achịkọta ntutu isi.
5. MBR mmeghachi omume tank: Mmebi nke organic pollutants na nkewa nke apịtị na mmiri na-rụrụ na MBR mmeghachi omume tank. Dị ka akụkụ bụ isi nke usoro ọgwụgwọ, tank mmeghachi omume na-agụnye microbial colonies, membrane components, usoro nchịkọta mmiri, usoro nsị, na usoro ikuku.
6. Ngwaọrụ disinfection: Dị ka ihe ndị chọrọ mmiri si dị, a na-emepụta usoro MBR nke ụlọ ọrụ anyị na-emepụta na ngwaọrụ disinfection, nke nwere ike ịchịkwa dose ahụ na-akpaghị aka.
![Sistemụ bioreactor mbr membrane (4) w7c](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-06/mbr-membrane-bioreactor-system-4.jpg)
7. Ngwaọrụ nha: Iji hụ na arụ ọrụ dị mma nke usoro ahụ, usoro MBR nke ụlọ ọrụ anyị na-emepụta na-eji ngwaọrụ metering dị ka mita na-agba ọsọ na mita mmiri iji chịkwaa usoro nke usoro ahụ.
8. Ngwa njikwa eletrọnịkị: igbe ọkụ eletrik arụnyere n'ime ụlọ akụrụngwa. Ọ na-ejikwa mgbapụta oriri, fan na mgbapụta mmiri ara. Njikwa dị na akwụkwọ ntuziaka na akpaka ụdị. N'okpuru njikwa PLC, mgbapụta mmiri ntinye na-agba ọsọ na-akpaghị aka dị ka ọkwa mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri mmeghachi omume ọ bụla. A na-achịkwa ọrụ mgbapụta mmiri ara ehi na-egbu oge dị ka oge atọrọ n'oge. Mgbe ọkwa mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri mmeghachi omume MBR dị ala, mgbapụta mmiri ahụ na-akwụsị ozugbo iji chebe mgbakọ ihe nkiri ahụ.
9. Ọdọ mmiri doro anya: dịka oke mmiri na mkpa onye ọrụ si dị.
Ụdị akpụkpọ anụ MBR
A na-ekewa akụkụ dị na MBR (membrane bioreactor) n'ime ụdị ndị a, nke ọ bụla nwere njirimara pụrụ iche:
Akpụkpọ anụ eriri eriri:
Ụdị anụ ahụ: akpụkpọ anụ ahụ nwere oghere bụ ngwugwu ngwugwu, nke ọtụtụ puku obere eriri nwere oghere mejupụtara, n'ime eriri ahụ bụ ọwa mmiri mmiri, n'èzí bụ mmiri mkpofu a ga-edozi.
Atụmatụ: Ebe dị elu njupụta: enwere nnukwu oghere akpụkpọ anụ kwa otu olu, na-eme ka akụrụngwa dị kọmpat na obere akara ukwu. Ịsacha gas dị mma: Enwere ike ịsacha elu nke ihe nkiri ahụ ozugbo site na ikuku ikuku, nke na-enyere aka belata mmetọ akpụkpọ ahụ.
Ọ dị mfe ịwụnye na dochie: Nhazi modular maka nrụzi na nkwalite dị mfe.
Ihe nkesa nke pore bụ otu: mmetụta nkewa dị mma, na njigide nke ihe nkwụsịtụ na microorganisms dị elu.
Nhazi: gụnyere ihe nkiri ákwà mgbochi na ihe nkiri dị larịị, a na-ejikarị ihe nkiri ákwà mgbochi eme ihe maka MBR submerged, ihe nkiri dị larịị dabara maka MBR mpụga.
![Sistemụ bioreactor mbr membrane (5) 1pv](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-06/mbr-membrane-bioreactor-system-5.jpg)
Ihe nkiri dị larịị:
Ụdị anụ ahụ: A na-edozi diaphragm na nkwado ahụ, akụkụ abụọ ahụ bụ n'otu n'otu na mmiri mkpofu ka a ga-edozi na mmiri mmiri na-asọ asọ.
Atụmatụ:
Ọdịdị kwụsiri ike: diaphragm dị nro, ike ọrụ dị elu, ọ dịghị mfe nrụrụ, ikike mkpakọ siri ike.
Mmetụta ihicha nke ọma: Elu dị mfe ihicha, a pụkwara iwepụ ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe nke ọma site na ihicha kemịkal na ịchacha anụ ahụ.
Nguzogide iyi: N'ime ọrụ ogologo oge, ihe mkpuchi ihe nkiri ahụ dị ntakịrị, na ndụ ọrụ dị ogologo.
Kwesịrị ekwesị maka nkewa nke mmiri siri ike: mmetụta nkwụsịtụ nke ihe nkwụsịtụ na nnukwu ihe dị oke mma.
Kwesịrị ekwesị maka nnukwu ọrụ: Nhazi modular dị mfe ịgbasa ma dị mma maka nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi mmiri.
Ihe nkiri tube:
Ụdị anụ ahụ: A na-ekpuchi ihe akpụkpọ ahụ na tubular support body, na mmiri mkpofu na-asọba na tube ma banye na mmiri mmiri si na mgbidi tube.
Atụmatụ:
Ike mgbochi mmetọ siri ike: Imepụta ọwa mmiri dị n'ime na-eme ka e guzobe ọgba aghara ma belata ntinye nke mmetọ n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ.
Ikike nhicha onwe ya nke ọma: mmiri mmiri na-agba ọsọ dị elu na tube na-enyere aka ịsacha elu akpụkpọ ahụ ma belata mmetọ akpụkpọ ahụ.
Mee ka ihe dị elu kwụsịtụrụ na mmiri mkpofu: nnukwu ntinye nke ihe kwụsịtụrụ na ihe fibrous nwere ikike ọgwụgwọ ka mma.
Ndozi dị mfe: Mgbe otu akụkụ akpụkpọ ahụ mebiri emebi, enwere ike dochie ya iche, na-enweghị emetụta ọrụ usoro niile.
![Sistemụ bioreactor mbr membrane (6) 1tn](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-06/mbr-membrane-bioreactor-system-6.jpg)
Ihe nkiri seramiiki:
Ụdị anụ ahụ: ihe nkiri porous sitere na ihe inorganic (dị ka alumina, zirconia, wdg), nwere usoro siri ike.
Atụmatụ:
Nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ mara mma: na-eguzogide acid, alkali, ihe mgbaze organic na oke okpomọkụ, dabara maka gburugburu ebe ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ siri ike.
Yiri nguzogide, mgbochi mmetọ: elu akpụkpọ ahụ dị larịị, ọ dịghị mfe itinye ihe ndị dị ndụ, ọnụego mgbake dị elu mgbe ihichachara, ogologo ndụ.
Oghere ziri ezi na nke a na-achịkwa: oke nkewa nkewa, dabara adaba maka nkewa dị mma na iwepụ mmetọ kpọmkwem.
Ike igwe dị elu: na-eguzogide mmebi, adabara ọrụ nrụgide dị elu na ịsa azụ ugboro ugboro.
Nhazi site na nha oghere:
Akpụkpọ ahụ Ultrafiltration: oghere ahụ dị ntakịrị (na-adịkarị n'etiti 0.001 na 0.1 microns), tumadi iji wepụ nje bacteria, nje, colloid, macromolecular organic matter na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Mkpuchi microfiltration: oghere ahụ dị ntakịrị ibu (ihe dịka 0.1 ruo 1 micron), na-egbochi ihe siri ike kwụsịtụrụ, microorganisms, na ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị ndụ macromolecular.
![Sistemụ bioreactor mbr membrane (7) dp6](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-06/mbr-membrane-bioreactor-system-7.jpg)
Nkewa site na ntinye:
Nmikpu: A na-emikpu akụkụ ahụ akpụkpọ ahụ ozugbo n'ime mmiri mmiri agwakọtara na bioreactor, a na-amịpụta mmiri na-asọ oyi site na mmiri ma ọ bụ mmịpụta gas.
Mpụga: Edobere modul akpụkpọ ahụ iche na bioreactor. A na-agbanye mmiri mmiri a ga-agwọ ya site na mgbapụta ma na-agafe na modul akpụkpọ ahụ. A na-anakọta mmiri mmiri na-asọ asọ na mmiri a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ iche iche.
Na nchịkọta, ụdị akpụkpọ anụ dị na MBR dị iche iche ma nwee àgwà nke onwe ha, na nhọrọ nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-adabere na ihe ndị dị na mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri, ihe ndị chọrọ ọgwụgwọ, mmefu ego akụ na ụba, ọrụ na ọnọdụ nlekọta na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị ọrụ kwesịrị ime nhọrọ ezi uche dị na ya dabere na ọnọdụ ahụ n'ezie iji hụ na arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma kwụsie ike nke usoro MBR.
Ọrụ MBR membrane bioreactor na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu
Ọrụ MBR na ọgwụgwọ nsị na-apụtakarị n'akụkụ ndị a:
Nkewa nke mmiri siri ike nke ọma. MBR na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ ahụ nweta nkewa nke mmiri siri ike nke ọma, na-eme ka ịdị mma dị mma dịkwuo mma, na-eru nso efu ihe kwụsịtụrụ na turbidity, na-ewepụkwa nje bacteria na nje.
Ọnụnọ nke microbial dị elu. MBR na-enwe ike idowe nnukwu mkpokọta sludge na-arụ ọrụ ma na-abawanye ibu nke ọgwụgwọ nje, si otú a na-ebelata akara ukwu nke ebe a na-ahụ maka mmiri mkpofu.
![Sistemụ bioreactor mbr membrane (8) zg9](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-06/mbr-membrane-bioreactor-system-8.jpg)
Belata sludge ngafe. N'ihi mmetụta nkwụsị nke MBR, mmepụta nke sludge fọdụrụnụ nwere ike ibelata na ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ sludge nwere ike belata. 34
Mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen nke ọma. Usoro MBR nwere ike ọnyà microorganisms na ogologo ọgbọ okirikiri, dị ka nje bacteria nitrifying, ka o wee weda amonia nitrogen n'ime mmiri nke ọma.
Chekwaa oghere ma belata oriri ike. Sistemụ MBR site na nkewa nke mmiri siri ike na bioenrichment nke ọma, oge obibi hydraulic nke ngalaba ọgwụgwọ na-ebelata nke ukwuu, a na-ebelata akara ukwu nke bioreactor n'otu aka ahụ, yana oriri ike nke ngalaba ọgwụgwọ na-ebelata n'otu aka ahụ n'ihi oke arụmọrụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ.
Melite ogo mmiri. Sistemu MBR na-enye ihe mkpofu dị elu nke na-ezute ụkpụrụ mwepu siri ike ma ọ bụ ihe achọrọ iji megharịa.
Na nchịkọta, MBR membrane bioreactor na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọgwụgwọ nsị mmiri, gụnyere nkewa nkewa siri ike siri ike nke ọma, ịba ụba microbial, ibelata sludge fọdụrụnụ, wepụ amonia nitrogen n'ụzọ dị irè, na-azọpụta ohere na ibelata oriri ume, wdg. akụrụngwa akụrụngwa.
Mpaghara ngwa nke akpụkpọ ahụ MBR
N'ọgwụgwụ 1990s, akpụkpọ anụ bioreactor (MBR) abanyela na ọkwa ngwa ngwa. N'oge a, a na-eji akpụkpọ anụ bioreactors (MBR) mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe:
1. Ngwọta nsị mmiri na imegharị mmiri n'ime ụlọ
N'afọ 1967, otu ụlọ ọrụ dị na United States wuru ụlọ ọrụ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na-eji usoro MBR, nke na-edozi 14m3 / d nke mmiri mkpofu. N'afọ 1977, a na-etinye usoro mkpofu mmiri n'otu ụlọ dị elu na Japan. N'etiti 1990s, e nwere 39 osisi dị otú ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na Japan, na-enwe ike ọgwụgwọ ruo 500m3 / d, na ihe karịrị 100 ụlọ elu na-eji MBR na-agwọ nsị azụ n'ime etiti mmiri.
2. Ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ
Kemgbe 1990s, ihe ọgwụgwọ MBR na-aga n'ihu na-agbasawanye, na mgbakwunye na iji mmiri eme ihe, ọgwụgwọ nsị fecal, ngwa MBR na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ na-emetụtakwa ọtụtụ ebe, dị ka ọgwụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nri nri, nhazi mmiri na-edozi mmiri, mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ aquaculture. , ihe ịchọ mma na-emepụta mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri, mmiri na-esi ísì ụtọ, mmiri nsị petrochemical, enwetala ọgwụgwọ dị mma.
![mbr membrane bioreactor system (9)oqz](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-06/mbr-membrane-bioreactor-system-9.jpg)
3. Micro-emetọ mmiri ọṅụṅụ ọcha
Site na itinye fatịlaịza nitrogen na ọgwụ ụmụ ahụhụ n'ọrụ ugbo, emetọkwara mmiri ọñụñụ ruo ogo dị iche iche. N'etiti 1990s, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mepụtara usoro MBR na ọrụ nke iwepụ nitrogen ndu, nsị ahụhụ na mkpochapụ nsị n'otu oge ahụ, ntinye nitrogen n'ime ihe na-emepụta ihe na-erughị 0.1mgNO2 / L, na ntinye pesticide dị ntakịrị. karịa 0.02μg/L.
4. Ọgwụgwọ nsị nsị
Ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị dị na nsị nsị dị oke elu, usoro ọgwụgwọ denitrification nke ọdịnala na-achọ nnukwu nsị sludge, na nkewa siri ike nke mmiri na-adịghị eguzosi ike, nke na-emetụta mmetụta nke ọgwụgwọ nke atọ. Mpụta nke MBR na-edozi nsogbu a nke ọma, ma mee ka o kwe omume ịgwọ nsị nsị ozugbo na-enweghị dilution.
5. Ngwọta mkpofu ala / fatịlaịza leachate ọgwụgwọ
Ngwunye ala / compost nwere nnukwu ihe mmetọ, na ogo ya na oke mmiri ya dịgasị iche iche na ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ọnọdụ ọrụ. A na-eji teknụzụ MBR mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nsị mmiri tupu 1994. Site na njikọta nke nkà na ụzụ MBR na RO, ọ bụghị naanị SS, ihe ndị dị ndụ na nitrogen nwere ike wepụ, kamakwa nnu na ọla ndị dị arọ nwere ike iwepụ nke ọma. MBR na-eji ngwakọta nje bacteria na-eme n'ụzọ nkịtị na-agbaji hydrocarbons na chlorinated ogige na leachate ma na-agwọ ndị na-emerụ emerụ na mkpokọta 50 ruo 100 ugboro karịa nkeji ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu. Ihe kpatara mmetụta ọgwụgwọ a bụ na MBR nwere ike ijigide nje bacteria na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma nweta mkpokọta nje nke 5000g/m2. N'ime ule pilot nke ubi, COD nke mmiri mmiri ntinye dị ọtụtụ narị ruo 40000mg / L, na mwepụ nke ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe karịrị 90%.
Atụmanya mmepe nke akpụkpọ ahụ MBR:
Mpaghara igodo na ntụzịaka nke ngwa
A. Ịkwalite ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nsị mmiri n'obodo mepere emepe, karịsịa osisi mmiri nke ịdị mma na-esi na ya siri ike irute ụkpụrụ ma ọ bụ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ya na-abawanye nke ukwuu na mpaghara ya enweghị ike ịgbasa.
B. Ebe obibi na-enweghị usoro netwọk mmiri drainage, dị ka ebe obibi, ebe ndị njem nleta, ebe ndị mara mma, wdg.
![Sistemụ bioreactor mbr membrane (10)394](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-06/mbr-membrane-bioreactor-system-10.jpg)
C. Mpaghara ma ọ bụ ebe nwere mkpagharị mmiri nsị, dị ka ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ịsacha ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ elu ndị njem, ụlọ mposi mkpanaka, wdg, na-enye egwuregwu zuru oke na njirimara nke MBR, dị ka obere ala ala, kọmpat akụrụngwa, njikwa akpaaka, mgbanwe na ịdị mma. .
D. Nnukwu ntinye uche, nsi, siri ike imebi ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ. Dị ka akwụkwọ, sugar, mmanya, akpụkpọ anụ, sịntetik fatty acids na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, bụ ihe mmetọ na-emekarị. MBR nwere ike ịgwọ mmiri mkpofu nke ọma nke na-enweghị ike iru ụkpụrụ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-ahụkarị wee ghọta ijikwa ya ọzọ.
E. Ngwọta mkpofu ahịhịa na ijigharị ya.
F. Ngwa nke obere ihe ọkụkụ na-asọ asọ (ọdụ). Njirimara nke teknụzụ akpụkpọ anụ dị mma maka ịgwọ obere nsị mmiri.
Usoro Membrane bioreactor (MBR) aghọwo otu n'ime nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na iji mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ eme ihe n'ihi ịdị mma mmiri dị ọcha, doro anya ma kwụsie ike. Na ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri na-esiwanye ike taa, MBR egosila nnukwu mmepe mmepe ya, ọ ga-abụkwa asọmpi siri ike iji dochie teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ọdịnala n'ọdịnihu.