0102030405
Pūnaehana Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai ʻino ʻoihana ETP Effluent Process Technologies
ʻO ka wai ʻōpala ʻoihana e pili ana i ka wai ʻino, ka ʻōpala a me ka wai ʻōpala i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻoihana, aia nā mea hana ʻenehana, nā huahana waena a me nā huahana i nalowale me ka wai, a me nā mea haumia i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana. Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana, ke piʻi wikiwiki nei nā ʻano a me ka nui o ka wai ʻino, a ke ulu nei ka haumia o nā kino wai a nui a koʻikoʻi, hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino a me ka palekana o ke kanaka. No ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino o ka ʻoihana ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneʻe kūloko.
ʻO ka wai ʻino ʻoihana (wai wai ʻona) e pili ana i ka wai ʻino hana, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe a me ka wai hoʻoluʻu, e pili ana i ka wai ʻōpala a me ka wai ʻōpala i hana ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana ʻoihana, aia nā mea hana ʻenehana, nā huahana waena, nā huahana a me nā mea haumia i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana i nalowale. me ka wai. Nui nā ʻano wai ʻino ʻoihana me ka haku mele ʻana. No ka laʻana, loaʻa i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe paʻakai electrolytic ka mercury, ʻo ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe kaumaha me ke alakaʻi, cadmium a me nā metala ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka wai hoʻoheheʻe electroplating i loko o ka cyanide a me ka chromium a me nā metala kaumaha ʻē aʻe, pela aku. Ma muli o ka nui o nā mea ʻawaʻawa o ka ʻoihana, ʻo ka pollution kaiapuni he mea ʻino loa ia i ke olakino kanaka, no laila pono e hoʻomohala i ka hoʻohana piha ʻana, e hoʻololi i ka pōʻino i pōmaikaʻi, a e like me ke ʻano a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea haumia i ka wai ʻino, e lawe i nā ana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono. no ka hoopau ana, mamua o ka hookuu ana.
![11 makahiki 8](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-04/662b0a31e8e0223169.jpg)
Hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai ʻino
ʻEkolu mau ala no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai ʻino:
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mea mua e like me nā waiwai kemika o nā mea haumia nui i loko o ka wai ʻōpala ʻoihana. ʻO ka wai ʻōpala ka mea nui i loaʻa nā mea haumia ʻole, a ʻo ka wai ʻōpala ka mea nui i loaʻa nā mea haumia. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka wai ʻōpala electroplating a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā minerala he wai ʻino ʻole; ʻO ka wai ʻōpala mai ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka aila he wai ʻōpala organik.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka lua e like me nā huahana a me nā mea hana o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, e like me ka wai ʻōpala metallurgical, ka wai ʻōpala pepa, ka wai ʻōpala coking, ka wai ʻōpala metala pickling, ka wai hoʻomoʻi kemika, ka paʻi lole a me ka wai ʻona wai, wai ʻona wai. , ka wai ʻōpala, ka wai ʻōpala pesticide, ka wai ʻōpala mana, etc.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kolu e like me nā mea nui o ka pollutants i loko o ka wai ʻino, e like me ka wai ʻawaʻawa, wai ʻōpala alkaline, wai ʻōpala cyanogen, wai ʻōpala chromium, wai ʻōpala cadmium, wai ʻōpala mercury, wai ʻōpala phenol, wai ʻōpala aldehyde, wai ʻaila ʻaila, sulfur wastewater, organik wai ʻōpala phosphorus a me ka wai ʻino radioactive.
ʻAʻole pili nā papa helu ʻelua i nā mea nui o nā mea haumia i loko o ka wai ʻino a ʻaʻole hōʻike i ka pōʻino o ka wai ʻino. Hōʻike maopopo ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike ʻekolu i ke ʻano o nā mea haumia nui i loko o ka wai ʻino, hiki ke hōʻike i ka pōʻino o ka wai ʻino.
Eia kekahi, mai ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai ʻino a me ka pōʻino o ka wai ʻino, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā mea haumia nui i loko o ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: ʻo ka ʻāpana mua ka wela wela, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai hoʻomaha, hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka wai anuanu; ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua he mau mea haumia maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā mea ʻawaʻawa a maʻalahi hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, me ka biodegradable organic matter, nā pūhui i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā bionutrients, a me nā mea paʻa paʻa, a pēlā aku. ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka biodegrade, e komo pū me nā metala kaumaha, nā mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā pūhui organik ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka biodegrade.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i ka ʻoihana hoʻokahi ke hoʻokuʻu i nā wai ʻino o nā ʻano like ʻole, a e loaʻa i kahi wai ʻino nā mea haumia ʻokoʻa a me nā hopena haumia ʻokoʻa. No ka laʻana, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā wai ʻawaʻawa a me ka alkaline nā hale hana wai. ʻO ka paʻi lole a me ka wai ʻawaʻawa, ma muli o nā lole like ʻole a me nā kala, ʻokoʻa loa nā mea haumia a me nā hopena haumia. ʻO ka wai ʻino mai ka hale hana hoʻokahi e loaʻa i nā mea haumia i ka manawa like. No ka laʻana, distillation, māhā, coking, laminating a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe o ka hale kiaʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila ʻaila condensation wai, i loaʻa ka phenol, ka aila, sulfide. I nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa nā huahana, nā mea maka a me nā kaʻina hana, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka wai ʻino o ke ʻano like. E like me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe aila, nā mea kanu kemika a me nā mea kanu kinoea coking, hiki ke loaʻa i ka aila, ka hoʻoheheʻe wai phenol.
![1254q](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-04/662b0a6bb5b1749173.jpg)
Nā pōʻino wai ʻino
1. Kahe pololei ka wai ʻino ʻoihana i nā kahawai, nā muliwai a me nā loko e hoʻohaumia i ka wai ʻili. Inā kiʻekiʻe ka ʻona, e alakaʻi ia i ka make a i ʻole ka pau ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona i loko o ka wai.
2. Hiki nō ke komo i ka wai ʻino o ka ʻoihana i loko o ka wai o ka honua a hoʻohaumia i ka wai o ka lepo, pēlā e hoʻohaumia ai i nā mea kanu.
3. Inā ho'ohana ka po'e noho a puni i ka wai lepo a i 'ole ka wai lepo ma ke 'ano he wai o ka hale, e ho'opilikia ana ia i ko lākou ola kino a me ka make ma nā hihia ko'iko'i.
4, hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai ʻino i loko o ka lepo, e hoʻohaumia ai ka lepo. Hoʻopilikia i ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganism i nā mea kanu a me ka lepo.
5, he ʻala ʻino kekahi o nā wai ʻōpala ʻoihana, haumia o ka ea.
6. ʻO nā meaʻawaʻawa a me nā meaʻino i loko o ka waiʻinoʻoihana e noho mau i loko o ke kino ma o ka hānaiʻana a me ka laweʻana i nā mea kanu, a laila hiki i ke kino o ke kanaka ma o ke kaulahao meaʻai, e hōʻeha i ke kino o ke kanaka.
ʻO ka pōʻino o ka wai ʻino o ka ʻoihana i ke kaiapuni he nui, a ʻo ka "Minamata Incident" a me "Toyama Incident" i loko o nā "ʻewalu mau hanana pōʻino lehulehu" i ke kenekulia 20 ke kumu ʻia e ka pollution wai ʻoihana.
![1397x](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-04/662b0aa99506138692.jpg)
Kumu o ka lapaau
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻana i ka wai ʻino ʻoihana pono e hahai i kēia mau loina:
(1) ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaʻina hana a hoʻopau i ka hana ʻana o ka wai ʻawaʻawa a me ka ʻino i loko o ke kaʻina hana e like me ka hiki. Hoʻololi i nā mea ʻawaʻawa a i ʻole nā huahana me nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole a i ʻole nā huahana.
(2) Ma ke kaʻina hana o nā mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā huahana waena a me nā huahana, e hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻina hana ʻenehana kūpono a me nā mea hana, a e hoʻokō ʻia ka hana koʻikoʻi a me ka nānā ʻana e hoʻopau i ka leakage a hōʻemi i ka nalowale.
(3) Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wai ʻino i loaʻa nā mea ʻawaʻawa, e like me kekahi mau metala kaumaha, nā mea radioactive, kiʻekiʻe o ka phenol, cyanide a me nā wai ʻino ʻē aʻe, i mea e maʻalahi ai ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā mea pono.
(4) ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi wai ʻino me ka kahe nui a me ka pollution māmā, e like me ka wai hoʻoluʻu i loko o ka ʻōpala, i ʻole e hoʻonui i ka ukana o ke kaona a me nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Pono e hana hou ʻia kēlā wai ʻino ma hope o ka mālama pono ʻana i ka mea kanu.
(5) Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe kūlanakauhale, ka wai ʻōpala organik me ka haku ʻana a me nā waiwai like me ka wai ʻino o ke aupuni. Pono e kūkulu ʻia nā mea kanu lapaʻau nui, me nā loko wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, nā pahu wai, nā ʻōnaehana mālama ʻāina a me nā keʻena lapaʻau maʻalahi a hiki ke kūkulu ʻia e like me nā kūlana kūloko. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kanu lapaʻau nui ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka nui o ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā koina hana, akā maʻalahi hoʻi e mālama i nā kūlana hana maikaʻi a me nā hopena lapaʻau ma muli o ke kūpaʻa o ka nui o ka wai a me ka maikaʻi o ka wai.
(6) Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi wai ʻino ʻino i hiki ke biodegradable, e like me ka wai ʻino i loko o ka phenol a me ka cyanide, i loko o ka sewer o ke kūlanakauhale e like me ka ʻae ʻia o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka mea kanu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka biooxidative degradation e ka mea kanu hoʻōla.
(7) ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai ʻōpala i loko o nā mea ʻawaʻawa a paʻakikī i ka biodegrade i loko o nā ʻauwai o ke kūlanakauhale a lawe ʻia i nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe, akā pono e mālama ʻia i kahi kaʻawale.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai ʻona ʻoihana e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka wai ʻino a me nā mea haumia ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai a i ʻole ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kahe paʻa.
![147a1](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-04/662b0af48adca47427.jpg)
Ke ano o ka lapaau ana
ʻO nā ʻano kumu nui no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala kūlohelohe refractory kiʻekiʻe e komo i ka oxidation kemika, extraction, adsorption, incineration, catalytic oxidation, biochemical method, etc. ʻo ke ʻano i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mālama wai ʻino.
Ma nā papahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, nā kaʻina biochemical kuʻuna, e like me ke ʻano A/O, ke ʻano A2/O a i ʻole nā kaʻina hana i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia. ʻO ke kaʻina hana sludge i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana biochemical wai ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO ka sludge i hoʻoikaika ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻano hana lapaʻau artificial biological maikaʻi loa me kahi ākea kikoʻī nui, hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻoili nui ʻana.
ʻO ke ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻino:
1. Ozone oxide:
Loaʻa i ka Ozone ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā hopena disinfection ma muli o kona ikaika oxidation ikaika, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻenehana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino xanthate. ʻO ka Ozone oxidation kahi ala kūpono e wehe ai i ka xanthate mai ka wai wai.
2. Adsorption ala:
ʻO ka Adsorption kahi hana mālama wai e hoʻohana ana i nā adsorbents e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea haumia mai ka wai. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano Adsorption ma muli o ka waiwai o ka waiwai waiwai a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia nā adsorbents maʻamau i ka carbon, zeolite, cinder a pēlā aku.
![15e03](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-04/662b0c03c023c64551.jpg)
3. Catalytic oxidation ala:
ʻO ka ʻenehana Catalytic oxidation kahi ala e hoʻohana ai i nā catalysts e wikiwiki i ka hopena kemika ma waena o nā mea haumia a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka wai ʻōpala a hoʻoneʻe i nā mea haumia i ka wai. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe catalytic e komo pū ana: photocatalytic oxidation method, electrocatalytic oxidation method. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano hana ka laulā o nā noi a me nā hopena kupaianaha. He ʻenehana oxidation kiʻekiʻe a he hopena maikaʻi loa ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻona ʻenehana paʻakikī.
4. Coagulation a me ka ua:
He ʻano maʻamau o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hohonu ʻana o ka wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka coagulant. Pono e hoʻohui i ka coagulant a me ka coagulant kōkua i ka wai e hoʻopau i nā mea colloidal paʻakikī e hoʻoheheʻe a polymerize kekahi i kekahi, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai a wehe. ʻO nā coagulants maʻamau ka paʻakai hao, ka paʻakai ferrous, ka paʻakai aluminika a me ka polymer.
5. Keʻano olaola:
Hoʻohui maʻamau ke ʻano biological i nā microorganisms i ka wai ʻino xanthate, hoʻomalu maoli i nā kūlana meaʻai kūpono no kāna hana ʻana, a hoʻohana i ke kumu o ka degradation a me ka metabolism o nā mea kūlohelohe e mālama i ka wai ʻōpala xanthate. ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi ʻenehana o ke ʻano biological ka hopena lapaʻau maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole a i ʻole ka pollution lua liʻiliʻi a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.
![16b8a](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-04/662b0c2d4c9e152362.jpg)
6. Keʻano microelectrolysis:
ʻO ke ʻano micro-electrolysis ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana micro-battery i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻokoʻa kūpono i ka lewa e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe electrolytic. He kūpono loa kēia ʻano no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala organik i paʻakikī ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka laulā o ka hana, kiʻekiʻe COD removal rate a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka biochemistry wai.
ʻO ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino, ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea haumia i loko o ka wai ʻino ma kekahi ʻano, a i ʻole e hoʻoheheʻe iā lākou i mau mea ʻino a paʻa, i hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka lepo. ʻO ka mea maʻamau e pale i ka maʻi o nā mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā germs; No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi o nā hoʻohana like ʻole, e pale i nā mea i ʻike ʻia me nā ʻala like ʻole a me nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole.
He paʻakikī loa ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino, a pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana e like me ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka nui o ka wai ʻino, ke kino wai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai. I ka manawa like, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sludge a me ke koena i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai a me ka pollution lua, a me ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka flocculant.
ʻO ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino e pili ana i ke ʻano, ka haku ʻana, ka mokuʻāina a me nā koi o ka maikaʻi o ka wai o nā mea haumia i ka wai ʻino. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano hana lapaʻau maʻamau i ke ʻano kino, ke ʻano kemika a me ke ʻano biological.
Ke ʻano kino: ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana kino e mālama, hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻihoʻi hou i nā mea haumia i loko o ka wai ʻino. No ka laʻana, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia me ka nui o ka nui ma mua o 1 i ka wai ma ke ʻano o ka ua a hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka manawa like; Hiki iā Flotation (a i ʻole ka lele ʻana o ka ea) ke wehe i nā kulu ʻaila emulsion a i ʻole nā mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka mānoanoa pili kokoke i ka 1; Hiki i ke ʻano kānana ke wehe i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wai; Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai ʻino.
![172gl](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-04/662b0c5cced2529237.jpg)
Nā ʻano hana kemika: ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā ʻōpala hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a i ʻole nā mea colloidal e nā hopena kemika a i ʻole nā hana physicochemical. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano neutralization e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai ʻawaʻawa a alkaline paha; Hoʻohana ke ʻano unuhi i ka "puʻunaue" o ka ʻōpala hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana me ka solubility ʻokoʻa e hoʻihoʻi i nā phenols, nā metala kaumaha, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ke ala olaola: ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana biochemical o nā microorganism e mālama i nā mea ola i loko o ka wai ʻōpala. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka kānana olaola a me ka sludge i hoʻōla ʻia e mālama i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe hale a i ʻole nā wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe organik e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka mea ola ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā paʻakai inorganic.
Loaʻa i nā ʻano hana i luna ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana, pono e aʻo mai kekahi i kekahi, hoʻohui i kekahi i kekahi, paʻakikī pinepine ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ala e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka hopena aupuni maikaʻi. He aha ke ʻano o ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i kahi ʻano wai ʻino, ʻo ka mea mua, e like me ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka nui o ka wai ʻino, nā koi hoʻokuʻu wai no ka wai, ka waiwai waiwai o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻōpala, nā ʻano o nā ʻano hana lapaʻau, etc., a a laila ma o ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka noiʻi ʻana, nā hoʻokolohua ʻepekema, a e like me nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai ʻino, ke kūlana kūloko a me ka hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia.
Nā hana pale a hoʻomalu
E hoʻoikaika i ka mālama ʻana i nā kumu hoʻohaumia ʻoihana e hoʻokō i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kaiapuni, hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokele kaiapuni o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, e hoʻolohe i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka pollution o nā ʻoihana nui a me waena, a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokele kaiapuni o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi. E hoʻomau mākou i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha a me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana, ka ʻōnaehana uku a me ka ʻōnaehana ʻae no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea haumia e nā ʻoihana, hoʻoikaika i ka nānā ʻana i nā kumu pollution, hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau i nā puka wai, nānā mau i ka hana ʻana o nā keʻena mālama wai ʻona, a hoʻopau i ka wā kahiko. hiki ke hana, kaʻina hana a me nā mea hana. E mālama pono ʻia nā papahana hou a ʻae ʻia e like me nā koi no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pollutant a pau.
E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana uku hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻoikaika i ka hana o nā keʻena hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻenehana Hana i nā hoʻololi kūpono i ka ʻōnaehana uku hoʻoheheʻe, e hoʻoholo hou i ke kumu o ka uku ʻana i ka wai, ke ʻano o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me kāna hoʻokele a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā loina, e hoʻokumu i kahi mīkini hoʻolimalima hou, i hiki ai i ka He mea kūpono ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe wai i ka hana ʻana o nā keʻena mālama wai ʻino e nā ʻoihana.
![18 (1)6vb](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-03/65e96ee8842a816764.jpg)
Nā hana ʻenehana no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pollution wai ʻōpala ʻoihana
1. Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka huahana: hoʻoponopono i ke ʻano o ka huahana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻano huahana;
2. Ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā kumu hana ʻōpala: ka ikehu, nā mea maka a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā mea hou.
3. Hoʻohana piha i ka ʻōpala: hana hou a hoʻohana hou;
4. E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻokele hana: ʻōnaehana hana hope, ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻamaʻa limahana, ʻōnaehana loiloi), ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hopena (ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka degere kaʻina hana -- ʻenehana hana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaʻina hana -- hoʻonohonoho maʻamau
Ka hana hou ʻana i ka wai ʻino
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka wai ʻoihana kekahi o nā ala nui e mālama ai i ka wai, hiki ke komo i ka hoʻoluʻu, ka wehe ʻana i ka lehu, ka wai kahe, ka wela a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana wai hoʻoluʻu i ke kahe ʻana, i kēlā me kēia pae a me ka cascade e like me nā koi wai like ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana wela no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahu. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe no ka lehu hydraulic a me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka slag ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, a ʻo ka wai like ʻole no ka hana ʻana a me ke ola ʻana e mālama hou ʻia e like me ka wai pane no ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha.
Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana i nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe, akā ʻo ka hana ʻana i ka wai ʻino a me nā kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu pololei ʻana, hiki i nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi ke hana i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻohana hou ʻana, akā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana hou ʻana, e hopena ana i ka pau ʻana o nā kumu wai. No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka wai ʻino o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, ʻoi aku hoʻi no ke kaʻina hana, i hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
I ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻoihana, e like me nā koi like ʻole o ka maikaʻi o ka wai i kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wai i ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa, i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kaʻina ka mea e pono ai, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wai. i hoʻokō ʻia, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka wehe ʻana o ka wai a e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka wai; Hiki ke lawe ʻia nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai like ʻole e like me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka wai a me ka wai ʻino, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā hana hana like ʻole, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka nui o ka wai hou i lawe ʻia a hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka wai.
![19wt3](https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/971/image_other/2024-04/662b0d154f21a25392.jpg)
He mea maikaʻi loa ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino a me ka hoʻohana hou ʻana. ʻO ka ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa, hiki ke lilo i ka wai ʻona, ka wai ʻōpala electrophoresis, ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, ka hana hou ʻana no ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka hana ʻana. I ke kaʻina hana o ka organik i loko o ka ʻoihana petrochemical, hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka condensate a hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka hoʻohui wai o ka ʻōnaehana circulation. ʻO ka wai punawai i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana ua hana hou ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka hoʻopiha wai i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa; Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka mīkini hana hohonu wai, ka wai i mālama ʻia e like me ka wai ʻōnaehana kaʻa; Pono kekahi mau mea hoʻoluʻu a me nā ʻāpana kūikawā i ka hoʻoilo wai, akā hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka wai. ʻO ka paʻi lole lole a me ka ʻoihana kala he ʻoihana ʻoihana me ka hoʻohana wai nui. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wai ʻino i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā kaʻina hana like ʻole i ke kaʻina hana a laila hoʻohana hou ʻia i kēia kaʻina hana, a i ʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wai ʻino a pau a hoʻohana hou ʻia i ka holoʻokoʻa a ʻāpana paha. Hiki i ka ʻoihana pia ke hoʻokomo i ka mea hoʻihoʻi condensate, hoʻemi pono i ka wai paila; Hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka wai holoi ʻōmole o ka hale hana canning no ka alkali Ⅰ, alkali Ⅱ ka wai o ka mīkini holoi holoi, ka wai o ka mīkini sterilization, nā mea hana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mea kanu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. kaomi, hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no ka paila pōhaku lepo lepo a me ka desulfurization, slag, halepaku flushing, greening a me ka ino kahua flushing, kaʻa holoi, kūkulu kahua wai, etc. Ka palaoa leaching wastewater hiki ke mālama a hoʻohana hou no ka paila lepo wehe a me ka desulfurization.
wehewehe2