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Tsarin Fakitin Membrane Bioreactor MBR Tsarin Kula da Ruwan Sharar Ruwa
Ka'idar aiki na mbr membrane bioreactor
MBR membrane bioreactor (MBR) ingantacciyar hanyar kula da ruwan sharar ruwa ce wacce ta haɗu da fasahar rabuwar membrane da fasahar jiyya na halitta. Ka'idar aikinsa ta dogara ne akan abubuwa masu zuwa:
Fasahar rabuwar Membrane: MBR membrane ya rabu ta hanyar ultrafiltration ko fasahar membrane microfiltration, maye gurbin tanki na sedimentation na biyu da sashin tacewa na al'ada a cikin tsarin kula da najasa na gargajiya. Wannan fasaha na iya yadda ya kamata tarko kunna sludge da macromolecular kwayoyin halitta, don cimma m-ruwa rabuwa.
Babban inganci m-ruwa rabuwa: A high-inganci m-ruwa rabuwa iya aiki na MBR membrane bioreactor sa effluent ruwa ingancin kyau, dakatar al'amarin da turbidity kusa da sifili, kuma zai iya tarko nazarin halittu gurbatawa kamar E. coli. A bayyane yake ingancin zubar da ruwa bayan jiyya ya fi tsarin kula da ruwa na gargajiya, kuma fasaha ce mai inganci da tattalin arziki na sake amfani da albarkatun ruwa.
Haɓaka tasirin jiyya: Tsarin membrane na MBR yana ƙarfafa aikin bioreactor sosai ta hanyar fasahar rabuwar membrane, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin fasahohin kula da ruwan sha mai ban sha'awa idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin maganin ilimin halitta na gargajiya. Yana da fa'idodi na bayyane kamar girman cirewar gurɓataccen abu, juriya mai ƙarfi ga kumburin sludge, ingantaccen ingantaccen ingancin ruwa.
Halayen kayan aiki: Halayen MBR membrane aiwatar da najasa magani kayan aikin gida sun hada da babban kau kudi na gurbatawa, da karfi juriya ga sludge kumburi, barga da kuma abin dogara effluent ruwa ingancin, inji ƙulli na membrane don kauce wa asarar microorganisms, da kuma high sludge taro iya. a kiyaye a cikin bioreactor.
MBR membrane bioreactor ta hanyar ka'idodin da ke sama, don cimma ingantaccen ingantaccen sakamako na kula da najasa, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kula da najasa a cikin gida, kula da ruwan sharar masana'antu da sauran fannoni.
Haɗin gwiwar MBR membrane bioreactor
Tsarin membrane bioreactor (MBR) gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa:
1. Rijiyar shigar ruwa: rijiyar shigar ruwa tana dauke da tashar ruwa mai ambaliya da kofar shiga ruwa. Idan adadin ruwan ya zarce nauyin tsarin ko tsarin magani ya yi hatsari, an rufe ƙofar shiga ruwa, kuma ana fitar da najasa kai tsaye a cikin kogin ko cibiyar sadarwar bututu na birni kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa.
2. Grid: najasa sau da yawa ya ƙunshi mai yawa tarkace, domin tabbatar da al'ada aiki na membrane bioreactor, shi wajibi ne don shiga kowane irin zaruruwa, slag, sharar gida takarda da sauran tarkace a waje da tsarin, don haka wajibi ne a saita. grid kafin tsarin, kuma a kai a kai tsaftace grid slag.
3.Regulation tank: Yawan da ingancin najasa da aka tattara ya canza tare da lokaci. Don tabbatar da aikin al'ada na tsarin kulawa na gaba da kuma rage nauyin aiki, wajibi ne a daidaita adadi da ingancin najasa, don haka an tsara tanki mai tsarawa kafin shigar da tsarin kula da kwayoyin halitta. Ana buƙatar tsaftace tanki na kwandishan daga laka a kai a kai. Gabaɗaya ana saita tafkin da ke daidaitawa zuwa ambaliya, wanda zai iya tabbatar da aikin yau da kullun na tsarin lokacin da kaya ya yi girma da yawa.
4. Mai tara gashi: A tsarin kula da ruwa, saboda ruwan wanka da aka tara yana dauke da dan kadan na gashi da fiber da sauran tarkace masu kyau wanda grid ba zai iya shiga gaba daya ba, zai haifar da toshewa ga famfo da MBR reactor, ta haka ne ya rage yawan ruwa. ingancin magani, don haka membrane bioreactor wanda kamfaninmu ya samar an shigar da mai tattara gashi.
5. MBR dauki tanki: Lalacewar kwayoyin gurbataccen yanayi da kuma rabuwa da laka da ruwa ana aiwatar da su a cikin tankin amsawar MBR. A matsayin babban ɓangare na tsarin jiyya, tankin amsa ya haɗa da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, sassan membrane, tsarin tarin ruwa, tsarin zubar da ruwa, da tsarin iska.
6. Na'urar disinfection: Dangane da buƙatun ruwa, tsarin MBR da kamfaninmu ya samar an tsara shi tare da na'urar disinfection, wanda zai iya sarrafa adadin ta atomatik.
7. Na'urar aunawa: Domin tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki na tsarin, tsarin MBR da kamfaninmu ya samar yana amfani da na'urorin ƙididdiga irin su mita masu gudana da mita na ruwa don sarrafa sigogi na tsarin.
8. Na'urar sarrafawa ta lantarki: akwatin kula da wutar lantarki da aka shigar a cikin dakin kayan aiki. Ya fi sarrafa famfon sha, fanfo da famfon tsotsa. Ana samun sarrafawa a cikin nau'ikan hannu da atomatik. Karkashin kulawar PLC, famfon mai shigar da ruwa yana gudana ta atomatik bisa ga matakin ruwa na kowane tafkin dauki. Ana sarrafa aikin famfon tsotsa na lokaci-lokaci bisa ga lokacin da aka saita. Lokacin da matakin ruwa na MBR dauki pool ne low, tsotsa famfo ta atomatik tsaya don kare fim taron.
9. Ruwa mai tsabta: bisa ga adadin ruwa da bukatun mai amfani.
Nau'in membrane na MBR
Membrane a cikin MBR (membrane bioreactor) an raba su zuwa nau'ikan iri masu zuwa, kowannensu yana da halaye na musamman:
M fiber membrane:
Siffa ta zahiri: Ƙarƙashin fiber membrane tsarin dauri ne, wanda ya ƙunshi dubban ƙananan zaruruwa mara ƙarfi, ciki na fiber shine tashar ruwa, waje shine ruwan sharar da za a yi amfani da shi.
Siffofin: Babban girman yanki: akwai babban yanki na membrane a kowace juzu'in juzu'i, yana sa kayan aiki su kasance m da ƙananan sawun ƙafa. Wankewar iskar gas mai dacewa: Za a iya wanke saman fim ɗin kai tsaye ta hanyar iska, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage gurɓataccen membrane.
Sauƙi don shigarwa da maye gurbin: Ƙirar ƙira don sauƙin kulawa da haɓakawa.
Rarraba girman pore shine uniform: tasirin rabuwa yana da kyau, kuma yawan riƙewar kwayoyin da aka dakatar da microorganisms yana da girma.
Rarraba: ciki har da fim ɗin labule da fim ɗin lebur, fim ɗin labule galibi ana amfani dashi don nutsewar MBR, fim ɗin lebur ya dace da MBR na waje.
Fim mai laushi:
Siffar jiki: An daidaita diaphragm akan goyan baya, kuma bangarorin biyu bi da bi sune ruwan sharar gida da za a bi da shi da ruwa mai ratsawa.
Siffofin:
Tsarin kwanciyar hankali: diaphragm mai santsi, ƙarfin injiniya mai ƙarfi, ba sauƙin lalacewa ba, ƙarfin matsawa mai ƙarfi.
Kyakkyawan tasirin tsaftacewa: Filaye yana da sauƙi don tsaftacewa, kuma ana iya kawar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu ta hanyar tsabtace sinadarai da gogewar jiki.
Juriya na sawa: A cikin aiki na dogon lokaci, ƙarancin fim ɗin ƙarami ne, kuma rayuwar sabis ɗin yana da tsayi.
Dace da m-ruwa rabuwa: interception sakamako na dakatar da al'amarin tare da manyan barbashi ne musamman m.
Ya dace da manyan ayyuka: Tsarin ƙirar yana da sauƙi don faɗaɗa kuma ya dace da manyan wuraren kula da najasa.
Tubular fim:
Siffa ta zahiri: Ana lulluɓe kayan membrane akan jikin tallafi na tubular, kuma ruwan datti yana gudana a cikin bututu kuma ya shiga cikin ruwa daga bangon bututu.
Siffofin:
Ƙarfin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazanta: Tsarin tashar tashar ruwa na ciki yana sauƙaƙe samuwar tashin hankali kuma yana rage ƙaddamar da gurɓataccen abu a kan fuskar membrane.
Kyakkyawan ikon tsaftace kai: ruwa mai saurin gudu a cikin bututu yana taimakawa wajen wanke farfajiyar membrane da rage gurɓataccen membrane.
Daidaita da babban abin da aka dakatar da ruwan sha: babban taro na abubuwan da aka dakatar da kwayoyin fibrous yana da mafi kyawun magani.
Sauƙaƙan kulawa: Lokacin da ɓangaren membrane guda ɗaya ya lalace, ana iya maye gurbinsa daban, ba tare da shafar aikin tsarin gaba ɗaya ba.
Fim ɗin yumbu:
Siffar jiki: Fim ɗin porous wanda aka siya daga kayan inorganic (kamar alumina, zirconia, da sauransu), tare da tsayayyen tsari.
Siffofin:
Kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai: mai jurewa ga acid, alkali, abubuwan kaushi na kwayoyin halitta da yanayin zafi mai zafi, dacewa da yanayin yanayin kula da ruwan sharar gida.
Saka juriya, anti-ƙasa: m membrane surface, ba sauki sha kwayoyin halitta, high juyi dawo da kudi bayan tsaftacewa, tsawon rai.
Madaidaicin buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido da sarrafawa: babban daidaiton rabuwa, dace da kyakkyawan rabuwa da ƙayyadaddun ƙazanta.
Ƙarfin injiniya mai ƙarfi: mai jurewa ga karyewa, dace da babban aiki mai ƙarfi da wankin baya akai-akai.
Rabewa ta girman buɗaɗɗe:
Ultrafiltration membrane: Furen yana da ƙananan (yawanci tsakanin 0.001 da 0.1 microns), musamman don cire ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, colloids, kwayoyin halitta na macromolecular da sauransu.
Microfiltration membrane: Buɗewar ya ɗan fi girma (kimanin 0.1 zuwa 1 micron), galibi yana satar daskararrun daskararru, ƙwayoyin cuta, da wasu kwayoyin halitta na macromolecular.
Rabewa ta wurin sanyawa:
Immersion: The membrane ne kai tsaye nutsad da shi a cikin gauraye ruwa a cikin bioreactor, da permeable ruwa ana fitar da su ta tsotsa ko iskar gas.
Na waje: An saita tsarin membrane daban da na bioreactor. Ruwan da za a bi da shi yana matsawa ta famfo kuma yana gudana ta cikin tsarin membrane. Ana tattara ruwan ratsawar ruwa da ruwan da aka tattara daban.
A taƙaice, nau'ikan membrane a cikin MBR sun bambanta kuma suna da halaye na kansu, kuma zaɓin membrane ya dogara da takamaiman kaddarorin ruwan sharar gida, buƙatun jiyya, kasafin tattalin arziki, yanayin aiki da kiyayewa da sauran dalilai. Masu ƙira da masu amfani suna buƙatar yin zaɓi mai dacewa bisa ga ainihin halin da ake ciki don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin MBR.
Matsayin MBR membrane bioreactor a cikin kula da ruwan sharar gida
Matsayin tsarin MBR a cikin maganin najasa yana nunawa a cikin abubuwa masu zuwa:
Ingantacciyar rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi. MBR yana amfani da membrane don cimma ingantaccen rarrabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi, haɓaka ingancin ruwa mai mahimmanci, kusa da sifili da aka dakatar da al'amuran da turbidity, da kuma cire ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Babban taro na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. MBR yana iya kula da babban taro na sludge mai kunnawa da kuma ƙara nauyin kwayoyin halitta na jiyya, ta haka yana rage sawun wurin kula da ruwan sharar gida.
Rage wuce haddi sludge. Saboda tasirin tsangwama na MBR, ana iya rage samar da ragowar sludge kuma ana iya rage farashin maganin sludge. 34
Ingantacciyar kawar da ammonia nitrogen. Tsarin MBR na iya tarko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta tare da zagaye mai tsawo, irin su ƙwayoyin cuta na nitrifying, ta yadda za a lalata nitrogen ammonia a cikin ruwa yadda ya kamata.
Ajiye sarari kuma rage amfani da makamashi. Tsarin MBR ta hanyar ingantaccen rarrabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi da haɓakar halittu, lokacin zama na hydraulic na rukunin jiyya yana raguwa sosai, sawun bioreactor daidai yake da raguwa, kuma ana rage yawan kuzarin sashin jiyya daidai daidai saboda babban inganci. membrane.
Inganta ingancin ruwa. Tsarin MBR yana ba da ƙaƙƙarfan magudanar ruwa wanda ya dace da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin fitarwa ko buƙatun sake amfani.
A taƙaice, MBR membrane bioreactor taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin najasa magani, ciki har da m m-ruwa rabuwa, ƙara microbial taro, rage saura sludge, yadda ya kamata cire ammonia nitrogen, ceton sarari da kuma rage makamashi amfani, da dai sauransu Yana da wani ingantaccen da kuma tattali najasa. fasahar albarkatu.
Filin aikace-aikacen MBR membrane
A ƙarshen 1990s, membrane bioreactor (MBR) ya shiga matakin aikace-aikacen aiki. A zamanin yau, membrane bioreactors (MBR) an yi amfani da su sosai a cikin fagage masu zuwa:
1. Maganin najasa na birni da sake amfani da ruwa a cikin gine-gine
A cikin 1967, wani kamfani a Amurka ya gina tashar kula da ruwan datti ta hanyar amfani da tsarin MBR, wanda ke sarrafa 14m3/d na ruwan datti. A shekara ta 1977, an yi amfani da tsarin sake amfani da najasa a wani babban bene a Japan. A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire guda 39 da ke aiki a Japan, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin jiyya har zuwa 500m3 / d, kuma fiye da manyan gine-gine 100 sun yi amfani da MBR don magance najasa zuwa tsakiyar hanyoyin ruwa.
2. Maganin sharar gida na masana'antu
Tun daga shekarun 1990, abubuwan kula da MBR suna ci gaba da faɗaɗa, baya ga sake amfani da ruwa, kula da najasa, aikace-aikacen MBR a cikin jiyya na ruwan sha na masana'antu kuma ya kasance cikin damuwa sosai, kamar kula da ruwan datti na masana'antar abinci, sarrafa ruwa mai sarrafa ruwa, ruwan datti na kifaye. , kayan shafawa samar da ruwa mai datti, ruwa mai rini, ruwan datti na petrochemical, sun sami sakamako mai kyau na magani.
3. Karamar gurbacewar ruwan sha
Tare da yawan amfani da takin nitrogen da magungunan kashe kwari a cikin aikin gona, ruwan sha kuma ya gurɓata zuwa matakai daban-daban. A cikin tsakiyar 1990s, kamfanin ya haɓaka tsarin MBR tare da ayyuka na kawar da nitrogen na halitta, adsorption na kwari da kuma kawar da turbidity a lokaci guda, ƙwayar nitrogen a cikin zubar da ruwa bai wuce 0.1mgNO2 / L ba, kuma ƙwayar magungunan kashe qwari ba ta da yawa. fiye da 0.02μg/L.
4. Maganin najasa
Abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta a cikin najasa na fecal yana da girma sosai, hanyar maganin denitrification na gargajiya yana buƙatar babban ƙwayar sludge, kuma rabuwa mai ƙarfi-ruwa ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, wanda ke rinjayar tasirin magani na jami'a. Fitowar MBR yana magance wannan matsala da kyau, kuma yana ba da damar yin maganin najasa najasa kai tsaye ba tare da dilution ba.
5. Maganin leaching na ƙasa/taki
Leachate na ƙasa/takin takin yana ƙunshe da yawan gurɓatattun abubuwa, kuma ingancinsa da adadin ruwa ya bambanta da yanayin yanayi da yanayin aiki. An yi amfani da fasahar MBR a yawancin masana'antun sarrafa najasa kafin 1994. Ta hanyar haɗin fasaha na MBR da RO, ba kawai SS ba, kwayoyin halitta da nitrogen za a iya cirewa, amma kuma za a iya cire gishiri da karafa masu nauyi yadda ya kamata. MBR yana amfani da cakuda ƙwayoyin cuta da ke faruwa a zahiri don rushe hydrocarbons da mahadi masu chlorinated a cikin leachate kuma yana magance gurɓatattun abubuwa a mafi yawan adadin sau 50 zuwa 100 sama da rukunin kula da ruwan sha na al'ada. Dalilin wannan sakamako na jiyya shine MBR na iya riƙe ƙwayoyin cuta masu inganci sosai kuma su cimma ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta 5000g/m2. A cikin gwajin matukin jirgi, COD na ruwa mai shiga yana da ɗari da yawa zuwa 40000mg/L, kuma adadin kawar da gurɓataccen abu ya fi 90%.
Hasashen ci gaban MBR membrane:
Maɓalli masu mahimmanci da kwatancen aikace-aikacen
A. Haɓaka masana'antun sarrafa najasa na birni, musamman ma na'urorin ruwa waɗanda ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙazanta ke da wahala a kai ga ma'auni ko kuma waɗanda maganin su ke ƙaruwa sosai kuma ba za a iya faɗaɗa yankinsu ba.
B. Wuraren zama ba tare da tsarin sadarwar magudanar ruwa ba, kamar wuraren zama, wuraren shakatawa, wuraren shakatawa, da sauransu.
C. Yankuna ko wuraren da ke da buƙatun sake amfani da najasa, kamar otal-otal, wankin mota, jiragen fasinja, bayan gida na hannu, da dai sauransu, suna ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga halaye na MBR, kamar ƙaramin yanki na ƙasa, ƙaramin kayan aiki, sarrafa atomatik, sassauci da dacewa. .
D. Babban maida hankali, mai guba, mai wuyar lalata maganin ruwa na masana'antu. Irin su takarda, sukari, barasa, fata, acid fatty acids da sauran masana'antu, gurɓataccen wuri ne gama gari. MBR na iya magance ruwan sharar gida yadda ya kamata wanda ba zai iya cika ma'aunin tsarin jiyya na al'ada ba kuma ya gane sake amfani da shi.
E. Magani da sake amfani da leaching.
F. Aikace-aikace na ƙananan ma'auni na najasa (tashoshi). Halayen fasahar membrane sun dace sosai don magance ƙananan najasa.
Tsarin membrane bioreactor (MBR) ya zama ɗaya daga cikin sabbin fasahar jiyya da ruwan sha da sake amfani da ruwan sha saboda tsaftataccen ruwa, tsaftataccen ruwa da kwanciyar hankali. A cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin muhallin ruwa na yau, MBR ya nuna babban ƙarfin ci gabansa, kuma zai zama mai ƙarfi mai fafatawa don maye gurbin fasahar sarrafa ruwan sha na gargajiya a nan gaba.