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Comprehensive Municipal Sewage Sludge Treatment Solutions:municipal sewage sludge treatment sludge dryer dust collector filters biology odor control systems Definition of XJY sludge treatment
Project Introduction
Definition of XJY sludge treatment
Sludge treatment refers to the process of treating sludge produced during sewage treatment. These sludges contain a large amount of water, organic matter, inorganic matter, and microorganisms. If they are directly discharged or disposed of without treatment, they will cause serious pollution to the environment.
picture 1 Sludge treatment flow chart
What is the purpose of XJY sludge treatment?
The purposes of XJY sludge treatment include reducing the volume of sludge,reducing the water content of sludge,stabilizing the properties of sludge and facilitating subsequent disposal and utilization.The following is the explanation.
1. Reduce the volume of sludge: Through steps such as concentration and dehydration, the water content of sludge is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the volume of sludge, which is convenient for subsequent transportation and disposal.
2. Reduce the water content of sludge: Further remove the water in the sludge, increase the dry solidity of the sludge, and facilitate the stabilization and harmlessness of the sludge.
3. Stabilize the properties of sludge: Through biological treatment methods such as anaerobic digestion and aerobic fermentation, the organic matter in the sludge is degraded, and harmful organisms such as pathogens and parasite eggs in the sludge are killed, so that the sludge reaches a stable state.
4. Facilitate subsequent disposal and utilization: The treated sludge can be more safely disposed of by land use, landfill, incineration or as building materials, and useful resources in the sludge can also be extracted to realize the resource utilization of sludge.
picture2 Sewerage system components
The main methods of XJY sludge treatment
The main methods of XJY sludge treatment include mechanical dehydration,chemical conditioning + plate and frame filter press,anaerobic fermentation and thermal drying.The following is the explanation.
1. Mechanical dehydration: Use mechanical force (such as centrifugal force, pressure, etc.) to remove moisture from sludge, and generally can treat it to about 80% water content.
2. Chemical conditioning + plate and frame filter press: Add chemical agents (such as lime, PAM, etc.) to the sludge for conditioning, and then filter it through a plate and frame filter press to further reduce the water content of the sludge, which can generally be treated to about 60% water content.
3. Anaerobic fermentation: Under anaerobic conditions, anaerobic bacteria are used to decompose organic matter in the sludge into gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, and the sludge is stabilized at the same time. The sludge residue after anaerobic fermentation still needs to be treated later.Aerobic fermentation: Under aerobic conditions, the sludge is converted into stable humus through the fermentation of microorganisms, which can be used to make agricultural fertilizers or greening soil, etc. The moisture content of the sludge after aerobic fermentation can be reduced to 40%-45%.
5. Thermal drying: Use heat energy to evaporate the water in the sludge to make the sludge dry. Thermal drying can select different drying equipment according to different disposal needs, such as belt dryer, rotary table dryer, etc.
What is the process of XJY sludge treatment?
The process of XJY sludge treatment includes collection and transportation,thickening,
stabilization,dewatering and disposal or reuse.The following is the explanation.
1.Collection and transportation: Sludge is collected from various sources such as sewage treatment plants and industrial facilities and transported to the treatment site.
2.Thickening: The purpose of thickening is to increase the solids content of the sludge. This can be achieved through methods like gravity thickening, where the sludge is allowed to settle under the force of gravity, or mechanical thickening using devices such as centrifuges or belt thickeners.
3.Stabilization: Stabilization is crucial to reduce the potential for decomposition and odor. Common stabilization methods include anaerobic digestion, in which bacteria break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, and aerobic digestion, which uses oxygen to decompose the sludge. Lime stabilization is also used in some cases, where lime is added to raise the pH and kill pathogens.
4.Dewatering: After stabilization, the sludge needs to be dewatered to reduce its moisture content. This can be done through mechanical methods such as filter presses, centrifuges, or belt filter presses. Dewatering makes the sludge easier to handle and transport.
5.Disposal or reuse: Once dewatered, the sludge can be disposed of in various ways. Landfilling is one option, but it is becoming less common due to environmental concerns. Incineration can be used to reduce the volume of sludge and recover energy. Another approach is to reuse the sludge in applications such as land application for soil improvement, as a fuel source in certain industrial processes, or for construction materials.
Each step in the sludge treatment process is carefully designed to ensure environmental protection, minimize odor and health risks, and make the most efficient use of resources.
What XJY equipment is available?
These devices are divided into four types:sludge dewatering equipment,sludge conveying equipment,sludge drying equipment and finished dry mud storage equipment.
1.Sludge dewatering equipment
Plate and frame filter press
Plate and frame filter press is the first machine used in chemical dehydration. Although plate and frame filter press is generally intermittent operation, infrastructure equipment investment is large, and filtering capacity is also low, it is still widely used in some small sewage treatment plants because of its advantages such as large filtering driving force, high solid content of filter cake, clear filtrate, high solid recovery rate, and low consumption of conditioning drugs.
Centrifugal dehydrator
The centrifugal dewatering machine is mainly composed of a conveyor and a screw conveyor with a hollow shaft. After the sludge is sent into the drum by the hollow shaft, it is immediately thrown into the drum cavity under the centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation. The sludge particles have a large specific gravity, so the centrifugal force generated is also large, and they are thrown and attached to the inner wall of the drum to form a solid layer; the water density is small, and the centrifugal force is also small, and only a liquid layer is generated inside the solid layer. The sludge in the solid layer is slowly pushed by the screw conveyor and is transported to the conical end of the conveyor, and is continuously discharged through the outlets around the conveyor. The liquid is discharged from the overflow of the weir to the outside of the conveyor, and then discharged from the dewatering machine after being collected.
Belt filter press
Belt filter, also known as belt filter press, is a filtering device that uses an endless filter belt wound around a series of rollers arranged in sequence and of varying sizes to remove moisture from the slurry by squeezing and shearing between the filter belts. Belt filters can form many different models due to the different arrangements and combinations of the pressing rollers. It has the advantages of simple structure, high dehydration efficiency, large processing capacity, low energy consumption, low noise, high degree of automation, continuous operation, and easy maintenance. Its cost and operating expenses are more than 30% lower than those of plate and frame filter presses, making it the preferred equipment for urban sewage treatment. Belt filters are mainly used in papermaking, printing and dyeing, pharmaceuticals, mining, steel, coal, leather and other industries, especially in urban sewage treatment and industrial sludge dewatering.
Snail stacking dehydrator
The screw stack sludge dewatering machine is a new type of solid-liquid separation equipment. It achieves sludge extrusion and dehydration through the strong extrusion force generated by the changes in the screw diameter and pitch, and the tiny gap between the moving ring and the fixed ring.
2.Sludge conveying equipment
Screw conveyor
A screw conveyor is a mechanical device that uses rotating helical blades (known as "rotors") to transport liquid or granular materials, usually within a pipe. They are widely used in a variety of bulk material handling industries. In modern industry, screw conveyors are often used in a horizontal or slightly inclined manner as a method of efficiently conveying semi-solid materials.
Sliding rack silo conveying
The silo equipped with a slide is also called a slide silo. The slide silo is often used in conjunction with a straight-wall silo and a discharge screw. The main function of the silo slide is to discharge sticky sludge materials and prevent the sludge from sticking to the transport slide. It is generally divided into two structural forms: rectangular slide and circular slide. The treated sludge needs to be stored, and the slide silo can store the sludge well. The amount of sludge discharged can be well controlled. Compared with the sludge silo, it effectively reduces the height of the silo and ensures the safety of construction.
Scraper lifting conveyor
Scraper conveyor is a conveyor that uses scraper chain to transport bulk materials in the trough. It is suitable for continuous transportation of dust, small particles and small block materials. Scraper conveyor can be used for horizontal transportation and inclined transportation. When transporting upward along the inclination, the inclination of the coal seam shall not exceed 25°, and when transporting downward, the inclination shall not exceed 20°. When the inclination of the coal seam is large, an anti-skid device should be installed. The flexible scraper conveyor allows 2° to 4° bending in the horizontal and vertical directions.
3.Sludge drying equipment
Disc Dryer
Disc dryer is an energy-saving drying equipment with a main shaft and blades inside the equipment. The wet material is stirred by the disc and fully contacts with the heat carrier and the hot surface, so as to achieve the purpose of drying. The structure is disc-type. The discs are densely arranged on the main shaft, and the heat medium flows through the discs through the main shaft. The heat transfer area per unit effective volume is large. The heat medium is heated by steam, hot water or thermal oil.
Mixing dryer
Mixing dryers are characterized by mixing materials during the drying process. They are mainly used in situations where a small amount of liquid is added to powder materials for drying, such as metal surface modification, adding dust suppressants to dyes and pesticides, and wet dyeing of pesticides. Mixing dryers, like mixing equipment, can also be divided into vertical and horizontal types, and can also be divided into fixed container type and rotating container type.
Belt Dryer
A belt dryer (belt drier) a kind of industrial dryer, is an apparatus which is used for continuous drying and cooling of woodchip, pellets, pastes, moulded compounds and panels using air, inert gas, or flue gas.
Thin layer drying machine
The thin layer sludge dryer is a device that uses hot air as a drying medium and uses indirect heating to evaporate and dry the water in the sludge. It is mainly composed of five parts: feeding system, hot air system, drying system, discharge system and tail gas treatment system. After the sludge enters the system, it is transported by a conveyor belt. At the same time, the hot air system brings hot air into the drying chamber. The sludge is fully in contact with the hot air, so that the water in the sludge evaporates and is discharged from the system, thus achieving sludge drying.
4.Finished dry mud storage equipment
What are the stages of XJY sludge treatment?
The stages of XJY sludge treatment include biological deodorization,sludge dewatering,sludge drying and dust removal.The following is the explanation.
1. Biological Deodorization
Objective: To eliminate malodorous compounds and pathogens from sludge through biological processes.
Process Overview:
Bioleaching Technology: This involves inoculating concentrated sludge (approximately 97% water content) with complex microorganisms and adding nutrients in a certain ratio.
Exposure to Aeration: The sludge is exposed to aeration for around 48 hours, which lowers the pH to 2-3, completing the bioleaching process.
Mechanism: The acidic environment created by the bioleaching microorganisms causes metal sulfides to transform into soluble metal sulfates, releasing heavy metals into the liquid phase. This process also eliminates sludge odor and kills pathogens, significantly improving sludge dewaterability.
Results: After bioleaching, sludge odor is eliminated, pathogens are killed or inhibited, and sludge dewaterability is enhanced. The sludge's fertilizing value and calorific value remain largely unchanged.
picture 3 Biological deodorization
2. Sludge Dewatering
Objective: To reduce the water content of sludge, making it easier to handle and dispose of.
Common Methods:
Gravity Thickening: Achieved in sedimentation tanks by forming a high-concentration sludge layer. Suitable for primary sludge, chemical sludge, and biofilm sludge.
Air Flotation Thickening: Utilizes tiny bubbles to attach to sludge particles, reducing their density and forcing them to float. Ideal for small-scale activated sludge systems.
Centrifugal Thickening: Based on the difference in specific gravity between solids and liquids. Highly effective but costly, suitable for large-scale wastewater treatment plants.
Mechanical Dewatering: Widely adopted globally, using equipment such as vacuum filters, belt press filters, and centrifuges. Belt press filters are popular due to their low power consumption, continuous operation, and ease of use.
picture 4 Sludge dewatering
3. Sludge Drying
Objective: To further reduce the moisture content of sludge, facilitating its storage, transportation, and resource recovery.
Drying Technologies:
Direct Heating: Uses heat sources like hot air or steam to directly heat the sludge.
Indirect Heating: Heat is transferred through a heat exchanger without direct contact with the sludge, minimizing the risk of contamination.
Hybrid Heating: Combines direct and indirect heating for optimal efficiency.
Types of Dryers:
Drum Dryers: Both direct and indirect types are available, using gas or biogas as the heat source.
Disk Dryers: Horizontal and vertical multi-disk designs, utilizing steam or thermal oil for heating.
Belt Dryers: Operate at low to medium temperatures, suitable for both full and partial drying.
Fluidized Bed Dryers: Sludge is dried without pretreatment, using a fluidized bed for uniform heat distribution.
picture 5 Sludge drying
4. Dust Removal Equipment
Objective: To remove dust particles generated during sludge drying, ensuring clean air emissions and protecting equipment.
Common Dust Removal Methods:
Bag Filters: Collect dust through filter bags, with types including mechanical shaking, reverse air blowing, and pulse jet cleaning. Effective for separating fine dust particles.
Cartridge Filters: Address issues with difficult-to-filter dust and high filtration velocities, improving both operation costs and filtration efficiency.
Cyclone Separators: Use centrifugal force to separate dust particles from the air stream, commonly used in industries with coarse dust.
Wet Scrubbers: Involve spraying water or other liquids to capture dust particles, effectively removing both dust and pollutants.
Electrostatic Precipitators: Once widely used but gradually replaced due to inadequate performance against current industrial emission standards.
Advanced Technologies:
Multi-Effect Condensation Dehumidification Heat Pump Drying: Such as the technology employed by certain low-temperature sludge drying equipment, offering high energy efficiency, low emissions, and effective dust removal.
In conclusion, the sludge treatment process encompasses biological deodorization, sludge dewatering, sludge drying, and dust removal, each stage contributing to the safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly management of sludge.
picture 6 Dust removal equipment
What are the advantages of XJY sludge treatment solution?
There are five advantages of XJY sludge treatment solution to describe.
1.Cost Savings
Sludge residue from water treatment costs cities thousands of dollars each year to eradicate. Conventional wastewater and water treatment methods can produce large amounts of the destructive substance at city water plants. When this sludge gets out of control, costs rise and taxes can increase, affecting both businesses and area residents. Many of the costs are due to the associated storage and transportation needs.
It’s vital to employ technical applications such as dewatering to reduce these expenses. Sludge dewatering helps cut down on disposal costs by reducing the volume of water-saturated soil. It can also help save between 75 to 80 percent of transportation and storage expenses. But, you can save the city or your company money when you use delivery systems that use dewatering techniques in bulk.
2.High Productivity
When sludge dewatering is used to treat water and wastewater, productivity typically increases. Cities large and small power the water that goes to businesses, which rely on it to be free of toxins so they can continue to operate without disruption. For example, textile companies that dye fabric need large quantities of clean water to produce colorful products, such as jeans and pillows.
The residue from production can run off to create sludge, which can destroy the foundations of buildings. If this sludge is not disposed of efficiently, sites can shut down, completely halting productivity. However, employing sludge dewatering techniques can prevent these issues.
3.Environmentally Friendly
Although some water treatment applications offer agility, many lack sustainability. Large city water plants and industrial companies sometimes use treatment methods that use large volumes of water. Furthermore, the disposal of the waste requires heavy machinery, extensive amounts of energy, and transportation methods that often rely on gases that contribute to carbon emissions. Applying dewatering techniques that use organic chemicals, such as flocculants, reduces these environmentally harmful practices, making sludge dewatering a sustainable technical application.
4.Enhanced Performance
Using sludge dewatering to take care of sludge deposits from mineral or biological bodies can significantly enhance the performance of the disposal process, in comparison to conventional methods. Sludge dewatering handles different types of sludge, including slimy or oily sludge, with agility. Also, performance is enhanced since it does not require storage for the sludge or thickeners.
5.Preserves Foundations
When soil is drenched with water from snow run-off or torrential rainfall, it can collect at the base of a building and corrode its foundation. This becomes a huge issue for buildings, especially those that are more than 50 years old — creating a drain to alleviate the saturation of the soil is not a good solution for historic buildings that must retain their original exteriors. However, you can apply the technique of sludge dewatering to remove destructive moisture from the ground while preserving a building’s foundation.
In summary, when it’s time for the final step of treating wastewater and water, sludge dewatering is an optimal technical application to use. Industrial and municipal water treatment plants stand to experience better performance, increased productivity and lower costs when employing this efficient method.
What are the application scenarios of XJY sludge treatment?
The application scenarios of XJY sludge treatment include the following parts.
1. Agricultural use: Sludge contains rich organic matter and nutrients, which can be used as fertilizer in farmland to improve soil structure and fertility.
2. Incineration power generation: By incinerating sludge at high temperature, heat energy can be generated for power generation or heating, while reducing the volume of sludge.
3. Building materials: After treatment, sludge can be used to make bricks, cement and other building materials to achieve resource utilization.
4. Landfill treatment: This is a traditional treatment method, which buries sludge in a special landfill, but care should be taken to prevent secondary pollution.
5. Biological treatment: Using biological technologies such as anaerobic digestion to treat sludge can produce biogas for energy.
6.Thermal power station: Sludge co-combustion in coal-fired power plants is an efficient way to utilize waste for energy. With the help of the efficient power generation system of the existing coal-fired power units and the centralized environmental protection management platform, sludge can be reduced, harmless, resourced and disposed on a large scale.
picture 7 Thermal power station
7.Municipal sludge treatment: Municipal sludge treatment refers to the whole process of treating sludge from sewage treatment plants and water plants and finally disposing of the sludge, including front-end treatment processes such as concentration (conditioning), dehydration, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, drying, and back-end disposal processes such as composting, incineration, landfill and building materials utilization.
picture 8 Municipal sludge treatment
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