01020304
Imashini Yangiza Imashini DAF Gahunda yo Gutunganya Amazi
Intangiriro Umushinga
Sisitemu yo gutunganya imyanda yamenetse:
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya pompe yo mu kirere ni uburyo bushya bwa tekinoroji yo mu kirere yatejwe imbere mu myaka yashize, iryo koranabuhanga ryatsinze ibitagenda neza mu ikoranabuhanga ry’imyuka yo mu kirere ryasheshwe hamwe n’ibikoresho byinshi bifasha, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi hamwe n’ibibyimba binini byakozwe na tekinoroji ya vortex. ibiranga gukoresha ingufu nke. Pompe yumuyaga yashonze ikoresha pompe ya vortex cyangwa pompe ya gaz-yamazi ya pompe. Ihame ryayo nuko umwuka n'amazi byinjira muri pompe hamwe kumuryango wa pompe. Imashini ifite umuvuduko mwinshi izagabanya umwuka ushizemo uduce duto inshuro nyinshi. Diameter ya bubble ikorwa na pompe yumuyaga yashonze muri rusange ni 20 ~ 40 mm, ubwinshi bwikigereranyo cyumwuka uhumeka ugera 100%, naho ikirere kinini cyamazi yo mumazi yashonze kigera kuri 30%. Imikorere ya pompe irashobora kuguma itajegajega mugihe umuvuduko w umuvuduko uhindagurika hamwe nihindagurika ryikirere cyikirere, gitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukora kugirango igenzurwe rya pompe no kugenzura imikorere yikirere.
Ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi ya pompe yumuyaga biguruka bigizwe nicyumba cya flocculation, icyumba cyitumanaho, icyumba cyo gutandukana, ibikoresho byo gusiba ibyapa, pompe yumuyaga ushonga, umuyoboro urekura nibindi bice. Ihame shingiro ryo gutunganya imyanda ihumanya ikirere ni: Icya mbere, amazi akurwa na pompe yumuyaga yashonze nkamazi agaruka kugirango atange amazi yo mu kirere yashonze (amazi yo mu kirere yashonze yuzuyemo umubare munini wibibyimba byiza muri iki gihe). Amazi yo mu kirere yashonze arekurwa mumazi yicyumba cyitumanaho binyuze mumiyoboro irekura. Utubuto duto tuzamuka buhoro buhoro kandi twizirika ku bice byanduye, bigakora umubiri ureremba ufite ubucucike butarenze amazi, ukareremba hejuru y’amazi, ugakora umwanda, kandi ugenda ugenda buhoro buhoro hamwe n’amazi yinjira mu cyumba gitandukanya. Igicucu noneho gikurwaho nigikoresho gisakaye. Amazi meza asohorwa namabwiriza arengerwa kugirango arangize inzira yo gukora ikirere.
Tekinoroji yibikoresho bya aeration ya pompe yumuyaga yashonze irakuze, kandi ibikoresho bya EDUR bikora neza bikoreshwa cyane. EDUR igikoresho cyiza cyane cyo guhumeka ikirere gikurura ibyiza bya vortex conave air flotation kugirango igabanye ibibyimba hamwe nikirere cyashonze kugirango ihumeke umwuka ushonga. Sisitemu yose igizwe ahanini na sisitemu yo mu kirere yashonze, ibikoresho byo mu kirere, ibyuma bisakara, sisitemu yo kugenzura n'ibikoresho bifasha.
Umuvuduko ukabije w’imyuka ihindagurika (DAF) nubuhanga bwogukoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda hakiri kare muburyo bwikoranabuhanga ryoguhindura ikirere, bikwiranye no kuvura umuvuduko muke, chrominance nyinshi, ibinyabuzima byinshi, ibirimo amavuta make, ibintu bitagaragara cyane cyangwa amazi yimyanda ikungahaye kuri algae, ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora impapuro, gucapa no gusiga irangi, amashanyarazi, inganda z’imiti, ibiryo, gutunganya amavuta n’ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya amazi y’imyanda. Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo guhinduranya ikirere, bufite ibyiza byo gutwara hydraulic nyinshi hamwe na pisine yuzuye. Nyamara, inzira yayo igoye, gukoresha ingufu nini, urusaku rwo guhumeka ikirere, nibindi, bigabanya imikoreshereze yabyo.
Ukurikije ubwoko n'imiterere yibintu byahagaritswe bikubiye mu myanda, urugero rwo kweza amazi yatunganijwe hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwumuvuduko, hariho uburyo butatu bwibanze: inzira yose yashizwemo uburyo bwo kureremba gazi ireremba, uburyo bwa gazi yamenetse igice hamwe nuburyo bwo kugarura gazi yamenetse .
(1) Inzira yose yashonze uburyo bwo kureremba ikirere
Inzira yose yumuyaga ushonga ireremba ni uguhata imyanda yose hamwe na pompe hanyuma ugatera umwuka mbere cyangwa nyuma ya pompe. Mu kigega cya gaze yashonze, umwuka ushonga mu mwanda, hanyuma umwanda woherezwa mu kigega kireremba mu kirere binyuze mu muvuduko ugabanya umuvuduko. Ibibyimba byinshi bito bikozwe mumyanda kugirango bifatanye namavuta ya emulisile cyangwa ibintu byahagaritswe mumazi hanyuma bigahunga hejuru yamazi, bigatera umwanda hejuru yamazi. Umuyoboro usohoka mu kigega cya scum hamwe na scraper, hanyuma umuyoboro wa scum usohoka muri pisine. Imyanda itunganijwe isohoka binyuze muri weir yuzuye hamwe n'umuyoboro usohora.
Gazi yashonze mubikorwa byose ni binini, byongera amahirwe yo guhura hagati yamavuta ya peteroli cyangwa uduce duto twahagaritswe. Ukurikije uburyo bumwe bwo gutunganya amazi, ni ntoya kuruta ikigega cyo guhinduranya ikirere gisabwa nuburyo bwo guhinduranya igice cyashonze uburyo bwo guhinduranya gazi, bityo bikagabanya ishoramari ryibikorwa remezo. Nyamara, kubera ko imyanda yose inyura muri pompe yumuvuduko, urugero rwa emulisifike yimyanda yamavuta iriyongera, kandi pompe yumuvuduko ukenewe hamwe nigitoro cya gaze yashonze ni kinini kuruta izindi nzira ebyiri, bityo ishoramari nigikorwa cyo gukoresha ingufu nini.
(2) Uburyo bwashushe igice cyuburyo bwo kureremba
Uburyo bwo kureremba mu kirere igice kimwe ni ugufata igice cyumuvuduko wumwanda hamwe na gaze yashonze, ahasigaye imyanda ikinjira mukigega kireremba mu kirere hanyuma ikavangwa n’imyanda ya gaze yashonze mu kigega kireremba ikirere. Ibiranga ni: ugereranije nuburyo bwose bwo guhumeka ikirere kireremba gisabwa pompe yumuvuduko ni nto, bityo ingufu zikoreshwa ni nke.
Iterambere rya vuba mu gutunganya imyanda ryerekana intambwe igaragara mu gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije ndetse binatanga amahirwe ku bucuruzi bwo gutera imbere mu buryo burambye kandi bwangiza ibidukikije. Iki gisubizo gishya kigomba kugira ingaruka nziza mubijyanye no gutunganya imyanda no kurengera ibidukikije hamwe n’amasezerano yayo yo gukora neza, amafaranga make yo gukora ndetse n’umwanda wa kabiri wa zeru.
Uburyo bwo guhinduranya igice cya gazi ya elegitoronike ni uburyo bwo gufata igice cyo kuvanaho amavuta nyuma yo kugaruka kwumuvuduko wumuvuduko na gaze yashonze, nyuma yo kugabanya umuvuduko muke mukirere kireremba ikirere, kivanze numwanda uva mukigega cya flocculation hamwe nikirere kireremba. Kugaruka gutemba muri rusange ni 25% ~ 100% yimyanda. Ibiranga ni: amazi akandamijwe, intara ikoresha ingufu; Inzira yo guhinduranya ikirere ntabwo iteza emulisation; Indabyo ya Alum ni nziza, flocculant mumazi ni make; Ingano yikigega cyo mu kirere ni kinini kuruta icy'ibikorwa bibiri byabanjirije. Kugirango tunonosore ingaruka zo kuvura ikirere, coagulant cyangwa flotation agent ikunze kongerwaho imyanda, kandi dosiye iratandukanye nubwiza bwamazi, ubusanzwe bigenwa nikizamini.
Dukurikije inyigisho y’ikirere, uburyo bwo guhinduranya igice cyashushe uburyo bwo guhinduranya gazi bushobora kuzigama ingufu, gukoresha neza coagulant, kandi ingaruka zo kuvura ni nziza kuruta iz'umuvuduko wuzuye wa gazi yashonze. Ingaruka zo kuvura ninziza mugihe igipimo cyo kugaruka ari 50%, bityo rero igice cyumuvuduko wigice cyashushe uburyo bwo guhinduranya ikirere nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda.
Nibihe bisabwa kugirango imikorere no kugenzura ihindagurika ryumuyaga ushonga?
Sisitemu yo guhumeka ikirere (DAF) ikoreshwa cyane mugikorwa cyo gutunganya amazi mabi kugirango ikureho neza ibinini byahagaritswe, ibinure, amavuta, nibindi bihumanya biva mumazi y’inganda n’amakomine. Ariko, kugirango imikorere ikore neza kandi igenzure sisitemu ya DAF itotezwa, ibisabwa bimwe bigomba kuba byujujwe.
1.abafatanyabikorwa bakeneye gukurikiranira hafi inzira ya coagulation mumazi ya reaction hamwe nubwiza bwimyanda iva mukigega cya flotation kugirango bahindure dosiye ya coagulants. Ni ngombwa cyane gukumira ikigega cya dose, gishobora guhungabanya inzira zose zo kuvura.
2.imiterere yubuso bwikigega cya flotation igomba kubahirizwa buri gihe. Ibintu byose bibaho byumuyaga mwinshi mubice byihariye bya tank birashobora kwerekana ikibazo hamwe nisohoka, bigomba guhita bigenzurwa bigakemurwa.
3.abafatanyabikorwa bagomba gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwo kubyara sludge kandi bakagena uburyo bukwiye bwo gusiba kugirango bakureho imyanda yegeranijwe muri sisitemu ya DAF. Ibi nibyingenzi mukubungabunga imikorere ya sisitemu no gukumira iyubakwa ryibikomeye.
4.Gucunga neza urwego rwamazi mukigega cyumuyaga ushonga kandi ningirakamaro mubikorwa bya sisitemu. Ibi bituma igipimo gihamye kandi gihoraho ikirere-cy-amazi, ningirakamaro mugikorwa cyo guhindagurika.
5.Guhindura itangwa ryumwuka uva muri compressor bigomba gukorwa kugirango ukomeze umuvuduko uhoraho wakazi wikigega cyashonze. Ibi na byo, byemeza neza ko umwuka ushonga mu mazi.
6.Gucunga urwego rwamazi muri tank ya flotation ningirakamaro kimwe kugirango amazi atunganijwe neza. Mu gihe c'itumba, iyo ubushyuhe bwamazi buri hasi, nibyingenzi kongera amazi atemba cyangwa umuvuduko wumwuka kugirango habeho ubwiza bwamazi.
7.Kubika inyandiko zirambuye zikorwa ni ngombwa. Ibi bigomba kuba bikubiyemo amakuru ajyanye n’amazi yatunganijwe, ubwiza bw’amazi meza, urugero rw’imiti, igipimo cy’ikirere n’amazi, umuvuduko w’ikigega cy’ikirere cyashushe, ubushyuhe bw’amazi, gukoresha ingufu, inzitizi zangiza, ibyuka by’amazi, hamwe n’amazi meza.
Mu gusoza, mu kubahiriza ibyo bisabwa, abashoramari barashobora gukora neza kandi neza imikorere yimikorere y’imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu bigo bitunganya amazi y’amazi.
Ikigega cyo mu kirere kimenetse
Nibihe bigize ibice bigize ibigega bikoreshwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa? Ni ubuhe buryo bwihariye bwa tanki ya gaze yashonze?
Ikigega cya gaze cyasheshwe gishobora gusudira hamwe nicyuma gisanzwe cyuma kandi imiti igabanya ubukana irashobora gukorerwa muri tank. Imiterere yacyo imbere iroroshye, nta gupakira ikigega cya gaze cyashonze hiyongereyeho imiterere yumuyoboro wamazi gifite ibyo usabwa, ni ikigega gisanzwe cyubusa. Hano haribisobanuro byinshi bya tanki ya gaze yashonze, kandi ikigereranyo cyuburebure na diametre muri rusange ni 2 ~ 4. Bimwe mubigega bya gaze byashushe bishyirwaho bitambitse, kandi uburebure bwikigega bugabanijwemo igice cyinjira mumazi, igice cyo gupakira hamwe nigice cyo gusohora amazi hamwe icyerekezo cy'uburebure. Amazi yinjira n’isohoka mu kigega cya gaze yasheshwe birahagaze, kandi umwanda uri muriwo urashobora gufatwa kugirango wirinde guhagarika igikoresho cyo gusohora gaze.
Imikorere yigitutu cya gaze yashonze ni uguhuza amazi neza nikirere no guteza imbere umwuka. Ikigega cya gaze yamenetse nigikoresho cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumikorere ya gaze yashonze, imiterere yacyo yo hanze igizwe namazi yinjira, umwuka winjira, imiyoboro yumutekano wumuriro, indorerwamo yo kureba, umunwa wikigereranyo, icyambu gisohoka, igipimo cyurwego, isohoka ryamazi, muri umwobo n'ibindi.
Igikoresho cyo gusohora gaze
Ni ubuhe buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gusohora gaze?
Imyuka ya gaze yamenetse nigikoresho cyibanze cyuburyo bwo kureremba ikirere, umurimo wacyo nukurekura gaze mumazi ya gaze yashonze muburyo bwibibyimba byiza, kugirango hubahirizwe neza umwanda wahagaritswe mumyanda igomba gutunganywa. Bikunze gukoreshwa kurekura ni ubwoko bwa TS, ubwoko bwa TJ n'ubwoko bwa TV.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibigega byo mu kirere?
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwikigega cyo guhinduranya ikirere. Ukurikije ubuziranenge bw’amazi y’imyanda, ibisabwa byo gutunganyirizwa hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bw’amazi agomba gutunganywa, habaye uburyo butandukanye bwikigega cyo guhinduranya ikirere kugirango gikoreshwe, harimo kwinjirira no gutembera neza, kwaduka no kuzenguruka, ndetse no guhuza yo guhinduranya ikirere no kubyitwaramo, imvura, kuyungurura nibindi bikorwa.
. Nyuma yo kubyitwaramo, umwanda winjira mucyumba cyo guhuza ikirere uva munsi yumubiri wa pisine, kugirango ibibyimba na floc bihuze byuzuye hanyuma byinjire mucyumba cyo gutandukanya ikirere. Ibibyimba hejuru yikidendezi byajugunywe mu kigega cyo gukusanya ibishishwa hamwe n’ibisaka, kandi amazi meza akusanywa nu muyoboro wo gukusanya hepfo yicyumba cyo gutandukana.
. Imiterere ya hydraulic iruta gutambuka gutambuka kuruhande rumwe, kandi biroroshye gufatanya nuburyo bwo kuvura nyuma. Ikibi cyacyo nuko igipimo cyo gukoresha amajwi yumubiri wa tank kiri hasi, kandi biragoye guhuza na tank yabanjirije reaction.
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Nibihe bintu by'ibanze bisabwa mu kirere cya flotation tank slag scraper?
. Ikiraro cyo mu kiraro gishobora gukoreshwa mu kigega kinini cy'urukiramende (span igomba kuba munsi ya 10m). Ikigega kizunguruka kizunguruka, hifashishijwe umubumbe wa slag scraper (diameter ni 2 ~ 10m).
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(4) Ukurikije ingano ya slag, shiraho igihe cyo gukora cya scraper.
Ni iki gikwiye kwitonderwa mugukemura ikibazo cyumuyaga ushonga uburyo bwo guhinduranya ikirere?
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(2) Kugenzura valve bigomba gushyirwaho kumuyoboro winjira kugirango wirinde amazi yumuvuduko gusubira muri compressor de air. Mbere yo gutangira gukora, banza umenye niba icyerekezo cya valve igenzura kumuyoboro uhuza ikigega cya gaze yashonze hamwe na compressor de air yerekeza kuri tank ya gaze yashonze. Mubikorwa nyabyo, umuvuduko wogusohora wa compressor yo mu kirere ugomba kuba mwinshi kuruta igitutu cya gaze yashonze, hanyuma ugafungura valve kumuyoboro woguhumeka kugirango ushire umwuka mubigega bya gaze yashonze.
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. Urwego rwamazi rumaze guhagarara neza, hindura ubwinshi bwamazi yo gutunganya hamwe n’amazi yinjira hamwe n’isohoka kugeza igihe amazi yagenewe ageze.
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Nibihe bibazo bikeneye kwitabwaho mubikorwa bya buri munsi no gucunga imashini ihindura ikirere?
. umwuka udashonga uva mumazi.
(2) Witondere kureba hejuru y’amazi y’imyanda mugihe cyo kugenzura. Niba bigaragaye ko ubuso bwahantu hahurira butaringaniye kandi amazi yaho atemba bikabije, birashoboka ko igikoresho cyo kurekura umuntu ku giti cye cyahagaritswe cyangwa kikamanuka, kandi gikeneye kubungabungwa no kugisimbuza mugihe. Niba bigaragaye ko ubuso bwahantu ho gutandukana buringaniye kandi hejuru yikidendezi gikunze kugira ibibyimba binini, byerekana ko gufatana hagati yigituba n’ibibabi bitanduye atari byiza, kandi ni ngombwa guhindura dosiye cyangwa guhindura ubwoko bwa coagulant.
. kugirango rero hagabanuke kugabanuka kwimikorere ireremba ya floc hamwe numwuka bitewe no kwiyongera kwijimye ryamazi no kwemeza ubwiza bwamazi.
. koresha icyuma gisakara kugirango ukureho ibisebe, hanyuma ushyireho sisitemu ya scraper sisitemu ijyanye nibihe nyabyo.
(5) Ukurikije flocculation ya tank reaction. Amazi meza hamwe n’amazi meza mu gice cyo gutandukanya ikigega cyo guhumeka ikirere agomba guhinduka mugihe, kandi imikorere yumuyoboro wa dose igomba kugenzurwa kenshi kugirango ikumire (cyane cyane mugihe cy'itumba).
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