0102030405
Reverse Osmosis Shuka Tsari Kayan Kayan Aikin Jiyya na Ruwa na Masana'antu
Gabatarwar Aikin
Ka'idar tsarin juyayi osmosis
A wani zafin jiki, ana amfani da membrane mai ƙyalƙyali don raba ruwa mai kyau daga saline. Ruwan sabo yana motsawa zuwa saline ta cikin membrane mai yuwuwa. Yayin da matakin ruwa a gefen saline na ventricle na dama ya tashi, ana haifar da wani matsa lamba don hana ruwa mai tsabta daga ventricle na hagu daga motsawa zuwa gefen saline, kuma a karshe an kai ga daidaito. Matsakaicin ma'auni a wannan lokacin ana kiransa matsa lamba osmotic na maganin, kuma ana kiran wannan lamarin osmosis. Idan an yi amfani da matsa lamba na waje wanda ya wuce matsa lamba osmotic zuwa gefen saline na ventricle na dama, ruwan da ke cikin maganin gishiri na ventricle na dama zai motsa zuwa ruwa mai kyau na ventricle na hagu ta hanyar membrane mai zurfi, don haka sabo ne. za a iya raba ruwa da ruwan gishiri. Wannan al'amari ya saba wa al'amarin da ke faruwa, wanda ake kira reverse permeability phenomenon.
Don haka, tushen reverse osmosis desalination tsarin shine
(1) Zabi na Zabi na Semi-permeable membrane, wato, zabi a ciki amma bai yarda da gishiri ba;
(2) Matsalolin waje na ɗakin saline ya fi girma fiye da matsa lamba na osmotic na ɗakin saline da ɗakin ruwa mai tsabta, wanda ke ba da karfin motsa ruwa don motsawa daga ɗakin saline zuwa ɗakin ruwa mai tsabta. Matsalolin osmotic na yau da kullun don wasu mafita ana nuna su a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa.
Maɓallin da ke sama da ke sama wanda aka yi amfani da shi don raba ruwa mai kyau daga ruwan gishiri ana kiransa membrane osmosis na baya. Reverse osmosis membrane yawanci an yi shi da kayan polymer. A halin yanzu, reverse osmosis membrane da ake amfani da shi a cikin tsire-tsire masu wutar lantarki galibi ana yin su ne da kayan kamshi na polyamide.
RO (Reverse Osmosis) fasahar osmosis mai juyowa shine rabuwar membrane da fasahar tacewa da ke da ƙarfi ta hanyar bambancin matsa lamba. Girman pore ɗinsa ƙanƙanta ne kamar nanometer (1 nanometer = 10-9 mita). A karkashin wani matsa lamba, kwayoyin H20 na iya wucewa ta cikin RO membrane, Inorganic salts, nauyi karfe ions, kwayoyin halitta, colloids, kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙazanta a cikin ruwa mai tushe ba za su iya wucewa ta cikin RO membrane ba, don haka ruwa mai tsabta wanda zai iya wucewa. ta wurin kuma za'a iya bambanta ruwan da aka tattara wanda ba zai iya wucewa ba.
A cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu, tsire-tsire na osmosis na baya suna amfani da kayan aiki na musamman don sauƙaƙe tsarin jujjuyawar osmosis. Masana'antu reverse osmosis tsarin an tsara su don kula da ruwa mai yawa kuma ana amfani da su a masana'antu daban-daban ciki har da noma, magunguna, da masana'antu. Kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin waɗannan tsarin an tsara su musamman don tabbatar da cewa tsarin juzu'i na osmosis yana da inganci da tasiri wajen samar da ruwa mai tsabta daga tushen ruwan gishiri.
Tsarin osmosis na baya shine fasaha mai mahimmanci don kawar da ruwan teku, wanda zai iya samar da ruwa mai kyau zuwa wuraren da ruwa ba shi da yawa ko kuma inda aka gurbata tushen ruwa na gargajiya. Kamar yadda kayan aikin osmosis da fasaha ke ci gaba, tsarin ya kasance babban mafita ga ƙarancin ruwa da batutuwa masu inganci a duniya.
Babban halayen membrane osmosis na baya:
Jagoranci da halayen rabuwa na rabuwar membrane
Practical reverse osmosis membrane ne asymmetric membrane, akwai surface Layer da goyon bayan Layer, yana da fili shugabanci da selectivity. Abin da ake kira directivity shi ne ya sa membrane surface a cikin babban matsa lamba brine ga desalting, da matsa lamba qara membrane ruwa permeability, desalting kudi kuma yana ƙaruwa; Lokacin da aka sanya Layer goyon bayan membrane a cikin babban matsin lamba brine, da desalination kudi ne kusan 0 tare da karuwa da matsa lamba, amma ruwa permeability ya karu sosai. Saboda wannan jagorar, ba za a iya amfani da shi a baya ba lokacin amfani da shi.
Halayen rabuwa na reverse osmosis na ions da kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa ba iri ɗaya ba ne, wanda za'a iya taƙaita shi kamar haka.
(1) kwayoyin halitta sun fi sauƙi a rabu fiye da kwayoyin halitta
(2) Electrolytes sun fi sauƙi don rabuwa fiye da wadanda ba electrolytes. Electrolytes tare da manyan caji sun fi sauƙi a rarrabe, kuma yawan cire su gabaɗaya yana cikin tsari mai zuwa. Fe3+> Ca2+> Na+ PO43-> S042-> C | - don electrolyte, mafi girman kwayar halitta, mafi sauƙin cirewa.
(3) Yawan cire ion inorganic yana da alaƙa da hydrate da radius na hydrated ions a cikin yanayin ion hydration. Mafi girman radius na ion mai ruwa, yana da sauƙin cire shi. Tsarin cirewa shine kamar haka:
Mg2+, Ca2+> Li+> Na+> K+; F-> C|-> Br-> NO3-
(4) Dokokin rabuwa na kwayoyin halitta na polar:
Aldehyde > Alcohol > Amine > Acid, amine babba > Amine na biyu > Primary Amin, citric acid > Tartaric acid > Malic acid > Lactic acid
Ci gaban baya-bayan nan game da sharar iskar gas yana wakiltar babban ci gaba wajen magance ƙalubalen muhalli yayin da kuma ke ba da dama ga 'yan kasuwa su bunƙasa cikin yanayi mai ɗorewa. Wannan sabuwar hanyar warware matsalar tana da tasiri mai kyau a fagagen kula da iskar gas da kuma kare muhalli tare da alkawarinsa na babban inganci, ƙarancin farashin aiki da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu.
(5) Biyu isomers: tert-> Daban-daban (iso-)> Zhong (sec-)> Na asali (pri-)
(6) Ayyukan rabuwar gishiri na sodium na kwayoyin halitta yana da kyau, yayin da kwayoyin phenol da phenol jere suna nuna rabuwa mara kyau. Lokacin da mafita mai ruwa na iyakacin duniya ko maras iyaka, rarrabuwa ko rashin daidaituwa na solutin kwayoyin halitta sun rabu da membrane, sojojin hulɗar tsakanin solute, sauran ƙarfi da membrane suna ƙayyade zaɓin permeability na membrane. Waɗannan tasirin sun haɗa da ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar hydrogen, hydrophobicity da canja wurin lantarki.
(7) Gabaɗaya, solutes ba su da ɗan tasiri akan kaddarorin jiki ko kayan canja wurin membrane. phenol kawai ko wasu ƙananan mahadi na kwayoyin halitta zasu sa acetate cellulose ya faɗaɗa cikin maganin ruwa. Kasancewar waɗannan abubuwan gabaɗaya zai sa kwararar ruwa na membrane ya ragu, wani lokacin da yawa.
(8) Tasirin cirewar nitrate, perchlorate, cyanide da thiocyanate bai kai chloride ba, kuma cirewar gishirin ammonium bai kai gishirin sodium ba.
(9) Yawancin abubuwan da ke da nauyin kwayoyin halitta fiye da 150, ko electrolyte ko wadanda ba electrolyte, za a iya cire su da kyau.
Bugu da kari, da baya osmosis membrane ga aromatic hydrocarbons, cycloalkanes, alkanes da sodium chloride rabuwa tsari ne daban-daban.
(2) Matsakaicin famfo
A cikin aikin membrane osmosis na baya, ana buƙatar aika ruwa zuwa ƙayyadadden matsa lamba ta famfon mai ƙarfi don kammala aikin lalata. A halin yanzu, babban famfon da ake amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki yana da centrifugal, plunger da dunƙule da sauran nau'ikan, daga cikinsu, famfo centrifugal mai matakai da yawa shine aka fi amfani dashi. Wannan zai iya kaiwa fiye da 90% kuma ya adana amfani da makamashi. Irin wannan famfo yana da inganci sosai.
(3) Reverse osmosis ontology
Jikin osmosis na baya wani rukunin jiyya na ruwa ne wanda ke haɗawa da haɗa sassan membrane osmosis na baya tare da bututu a cikin wani tsari. Membrane reverse osmosis guda ɗaya ana kiransa sinadarin membrane. Adadin ji na baya osmosis membrane an haɗa su a jeri bisa ga wasu buƙatun fasaha kuma an haɗa su tare da harsashi na osmosis membrane guda ɗaya don samar da ɓangaren membrane.
1. Abun ciki
Reverse osmosis membrane element A asali naúrar da aka yi da baya osmosis membrane da kayan tallafi tare da aikin amfani da masana'antu. A halin yanzu, abubuwan da ake amfani da su na coil membrane galibi ana amfani da su a masana'antar wutar lantarki.
A halin yanzu, masana'antun membrane daban-daban suna samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan membrane don masu amfani da masana'antu daban-daban. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na membrane da ake amfani da su a cikin shuke-shuken wutar lantarki za a iya raba su da yawa zuwa: babban matsi na ruwan tekun ruwan teku yana juyar da abubuwan osmosis membrane; Low matsa lamba da ultra-low matsa lamba brackish ruwa desalting baya membrane abubuwa; Anti-kashe membrane element.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don abubuwan membrane sune:
A. Fim shiryar da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu.
B. Ba sauƙin maida hankali polarization
C. Ƙarfin ƙarfin hana gurɓatawa
D. Ya dace don tsaftacewa da maye gurbin membrane
E. Farashin yana da arha
2. Kwasfa na membrane
Jirgin ruwa da ake amfani da shi don loda nau'in membrane na baya na osmosis a cikin na'urar jikin osmosis ana kiransa membrane harsashi, wanda kuma aka sani da rukunin masana'anta "jirgin matsa lamba" shine makamashin Haide, kowane jirgin ruwa yana da tsayin mita 7.
Harsashi na fim ɗin gabaɗaya an yi shi da gilashin gilashin fiber ƙarfafa filastik, kuma goga na waje shine fenti epoxy. Akwai kuma wasu masana'antun na kayayyakin ga bakin karfe film harsashi. Saboda tsananin juriya na lalata na FRP, yawancin masana'antar wutar lantarki suna zaɓar harsashin fim na FRP. Kayan aikin jirgin ruwa shine FRP.
Abubuwan da ke da tasiri na aikin tsarin kula da ruwa na baya osmosis:
Don ƙayyadaddun yanayin tsarin, jujjuyawar ruwa da ƙimar desalting sune halaye na membrane osmosis na baya, kuma akwai dalilai da yawa waɗanda ke shafar saurin ruwa da raguwar ƙimar juzu'in osmosis jiki, galibi gami da matsa lamba, zafin jiki, ƙimar dawowa, tasirin salinity da ƙimar pH.
(1) Tasirin matsi
Matsi na matsi na baya osmosis membrane kai tsaye yana rinjayar jujjuyawar membrane da kuma raguwar adadin membrane osmosis na baya. Haɓaka juzu'in membrane yana da alaƙa ta layi tare da matsa lamba na baya osmosis. Matsakaicin raguwa yana da alaƙa na layi tare da matsa lamba mai tasiri, amma lokacin da matsa lamba ya kai wani ƙima, canjin canjin adadin narkar da ruwa yakan kasance mai lebur kuma ƙimar tsaftarwar ba ta ƙara ƙaruwa.
(2) Tasirin yanayin zafi
Matsakaicin raguwa yana raguwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin shiga na baya osmosis. Koyaya, yawan yawan ruwa yana ƙaruwa kusan a layi. Babban dalili shine lokacin da zafin jiki ya karu, dankon kwayoyin ruwa yana raguwa kuma ikon yadawa yana da karfi, don haka ruwan ruwa yana karuwa. Tare da karuwar zafin jiki, adadin gishirin da ke wucewa ta cikin membrane na osmosis na baya zai kara ƙaruwa, don haka za a rage yawan raguwa. Zafin danyen ruwa shine mahimman bayanai don ƙirƙira tsarin tsarin osmosis. Misali, lokacin da tashar wutar lantarki ke fuskantar canjin fasaha na injiniyan osmosis na baya, ana ƙididdige yawan zafin ruwa na ruwa mai ƙima bisa ga 25 ℃, kuma matsa lamba mai lamba 1.6MPa. Duk da haka, da ruwa zafin jiki a cikin ainihin aiki na tsarin ne kawai 8 ℃, da kuma shigar da matsa lamba dole ne a ƙara zuwa 2.0MPa don tabbatar da zane kwarara na ruwa mai kyau. A sakamakon haka, yawan amfani da makamashi na tsarin aiki yana ƙaruwa, rayuwar hatimin hatimi na ciki na ɓangaren membrane na na'urar osmosis na baya ya ragu, kuma an ƙara yawan adadin kayan aiki.
(3) Tasirin abun ciki na gishiri
Matsakaicin gishiri a cikin ruwa shine muhimmin ma'auni wanda ke shafar matsa lamba osmotic membrane, kuma matsa lamba osmotic membrane yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka abun ciki na gishiri. A ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa matsa lamba na reverse osmosis ya kasance baya canzawa, abun cikin gishiri na ruwan shigar yana ƙaruwa. Saboda karuwar matsi na osmotic yana daidaita sashi na ƙarfin shigarwa, juzu'in yana raguwa kuma ƙimar raguwa shima yana raguwa.
(4) Tasirin adadin dawowa
Ƙara yawan farfadowa na tsarin tsarin osmosis na baya zai haifar da babban abun ciki na gishiri na ruwa mai shiga na ƙwayar membrane tare da jagorancin gudu, yana haifar da karuwa a matsa lamba osmotic. Wannan zai ɓata tasirin tuƙi na matsi na ruwa mai shiga na baya osmosis, don haka rage yawan yawan ruwa. Ƙara yawan gishiri a cikin ruwan shigar da ƙwayar membrane yana haifar da karuwar gishiri a cikin ruwa mai dadi, don haka rage yawan raguwa. A cikin tsarin tsarin, matsakaicin adadin dawo da tsarin tsarin osmosis baya dogara ne akan iyakancewar matsa lamba na osmotic, amma sau da yawa ya dogara da abun da ke ciki da abun ciki na gishiri a cikin ruwa mai laushi, saboda tare da inganta yanayin dawowa, ƙananan salts masu narkewa. irin su calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate da silicon za su yi girma a cikin tsarin maida hankali.
(5) Tasirin darajar pH
Matsakaicin pH da ke aiki ga nau'ikan abubuwan membrane daban-daban sun bambanta sosai. Alal misali, saurin ruwa da raguwar ƙarancin acetate membrane yakan kasance tsayayye a cikin kewayon ƙimar pH 4-8, kuma suna da tasiri sosai a cikin kewayon ƙimar pH da ke ƙasa 4 ko sama da 8. A halin yanzu, mafi yawan Abubuwan membrane da aka yi amfani da su a cikin maganin ruwa na masana'antu sune kayan haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suka dace da ƙimar ƙimar pH mai faɗi (ƙimar pH za a iya sarrafa shi a cikin kewayon 3 ~ 10 a cikin ci gaba da aiki, kuma jigilar membrane da desalination rate a cikin wannan kewayon suna da inganci barga. .
Reverse osmosis membrane hanyar da za a bi kafin magani:
Reverse osmosis membrane tacewa ya sha bamban da tace tace gado, gadon tacewa ya cika tacewa, wato danyen ruwa duk ta cikin tacewa. Reverse osmosis membrane tacewa hanya ce ta tacewa ta giciye, wato, wani ɓangare na ruwa a cikin ɗanyen ruwa yana wucewa ta cikin membrane a tsaye tare da membrane. A wannan lokaci, gishiri da abubuwa masu gurɓata daban-daban suna kama ta hanyar membrane, kuma ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar ragowar ɓangaren danyen ruwa da ke gudana a layi daya zuwa saman membrane, amma ba za a iya fitar da gurɓataccen abu gaba ɗaya ba. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, ragowar gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu zai sa gurɓatar sassan jikin membrane mai tsanani. Kuma mafi girma da danyen ruwa gurbatawa da kuma dawo da kudi, da sauri da membrane gurbatawa.
1. Kula da sikelin
Lokacin da gishiri maras narkewa a cikin ɗanyen ruwa suna ci gaba da mai da hankali a cikin kashi na membrane kuma ya wuce iyakar iyawar su, za su yi hazo a saman murfin osmosis na baya, wanda ake kira "scaling". Lokacin da aka ƙayyade tushen ruwa, yayin da adadin dawo da tsarin tsarin osmosis ya karu, haɗarin haɓaka yana ƙaruwa. A halin yanzu, al'ada ne don ƙara yawan sake yin amfani da su saboda ƙarancin ruwa ko tasirin muhalli na zubar da ruwa. A wannan yanayin, matakan kula da ƙima suna da mahimmanci musamman. A cikin tsarin osmosis na baya, salts na yau da kullun sune CaCO3, CaSO4 da Si02, da sauran mahadi waɗanda zasu iya samar da sikelin sune CaF2, BaS04, SrS04 da Ca3(PO4)2. Hanyar gama gari na hana ma'auni shine ƙara mai hana sikelin. Masu hana sikelin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin bita na sune Nalco PC191 da Turai da Amurka NP200.
2.Control OF colloidal da m barbashi gurbatawa
Colloid da barbashi fouling na iya tsanani rinjayar da yi na baya osmosis membrane abubuwa, kamar wani gagarumin raguwa a cikin sabo ruwa fitarwa, wani lokacin kuma rage desalination kudi, farkon alamar colloid da barbashi fouling ne karuwa a cikin matsa lamba bambanci tsakanin mashiga da kuma barbashi fouling. Ƙaddamar da abubuwan da aka gyara osmosis membrane.
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don yin hukunci akan colloid ruwa da barbashi a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin osmosis membrane shine auna ƙimar SDI na ruwa, wani lokacin ana kiran ƙimar F (ƙaddamar da gurɓatawa), wanda shine ɗaya daga cikin mahimman alamomi don saka idanu akan tsarin tsarin pretreatment na baya osmosis. .
SDI (Silt density index) shine canjin saurin tace ruwa a kowane lokaci naúrar don nuna gurɓatar ingancin ruwa. Yawan colloid da particulate kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa zai shafi girman SDI. Ana iya ƙayyade ƙimar SDI ta kayan aikin SDI.
3. Sarrafa ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta
Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ɗanyen ruwa galibi sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta, algae, fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran manyan halittu. A cikin aiwatar da juyawa osmosis, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da narkar da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ruwa za su ci gaba da tattarawa da wadatar da su a cikin nau'in membrane, wanda ya zama yanayi mai kyau da tsari don samuwar biofilm. Lalacewar nazarin halittu na abubuwan gyara osmosis membrane na baya zai yi tasiri sosai wajen aiwatar da tsarin juyayin osmosis. Bambancin matsin lamba tsakanin mashigai da maɓuɓɓugar kayan gyara osmosis na baya yana ƙaruwa da sauri, yana haifar da raguwar yawan ruwa na abubuwan membrane. Wani lokaci, gurɓataccen ilimin halitta zai faru a gefen samar da ruwa, yana haifar da gurɓataccen ruwan samfurin. Misali, a cikin kula da na'urorin osmosis na baya a wasu tsire-tsire masu wutar lantarki, ana samun koren gansakuka akan abubuwan membrane da bututun ruwa mai kyau, wanda shine gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta.
Da zarar kashi na membrane ya gurɓata da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ya samar da biofilm, tsaftacewa na membrane yana da wuyar gaske. Bugu da ƙari, biofilms waɗanda ba a cire su gaba ɗaya ba za su sake haifar da saurin haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Sabili da haka, kula da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyuka masu mahimmanci na pretreatment, musamman don tsarin gyaran osmosis pretreatment ta amfani da ruwan teku, ruwan saman da ruwa a matsayin tushen ruwa.
Babban hanyoyin hana ƙwayoyin cuta na membrane sune: chlorine, microfiltration ko ultrafiltration magani, ozone oxidation, ultraviolet sterilization, ƙara sodium bisulfite. Hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su a cikin tsarin kula da ruwa na wutar lantarki shine chlorination sterilization da ultrafiltration na gyaran ruwa kafin a juyar da osmosis.
A matsayin wakili na haifuwa, chlorine yana iya kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa cikin sauri. Ingancin chlorine ya dogara da yawan chlorine, pH na ruwa, da lokacin hulɗa. A cikin aikace-aikacen injiniya, ragowar chlorine a cikin ruwa ana sarrafa shi fiye da 0.5 ~ 1.0mg, kuma ana sarrafa lokacin amsawa a 20 ~ 30min. Dole ne a ƙayyade adadin chlorine ta hanyar cirewa, saboda kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa kuma za su cinye chlorine. Ana amfani da Chlorine don haifuwa, kuma mafi kyawun ƙimar pH shine 4 ~ 6.
Amfani da chlorination a cikin tsarin ruwan teku ya bambanta da wanda ke cikin ruwa mara nauyi. Yawancin lokaci akwai kimanin 65mg na bromine a cikin ruwan teku. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ruwan teku da sinadarin hydrogen, zai fara amsawa da hypochlorous acid don samar da acid hypobromous, ta yadda tasirinsa na bactericidal shine hypowet acid maimakon hypochlorous acid, kuma hypobromous acid ba zai rushe a ƙimar pH mafi girma ba. Saboda haka, tasirin chlorination ya fi kyau a cikin ruwa mai laushi.
Saboda sinadarin membrane na kayan haɗin gwiwar yana da wasu buƙatu akan ragowar chlorine a cikin ruwa, dole ne a aiwatar da maganin rage dechlorination bayan haifuwar chlorine.
4. Sarrafa gurbataccen yanayi
Tallace-tallacen kwayoyin halitta akan farfajiyar membrane zai haifar da raguwar kwararar membrane, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, zai haifar da asarar da ba za ta iya jurewa ba kuma ta shafi rayuwar mai amfani na membrane.
Don ruwa mai zurfi, yawancin ruwa shine samfurori na halitta, ta hanyar bayanin coagulation, DC coagulation tacewa da kuma kunna carbon tacewa hade magani tsari, na iya ƙwarai rage kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa, don saduwa da bukatun na baya osmosis ruwa.
5. Kula da polarization na hankali
A cikin aiwatar da jujjuyawar osmosis, wani lokaci ana samun babban taro tsakanin ruwan da aka tattara akan farfajiyar membrane da ruwa mai tasiri, wanda ake kira polarization maida hankali. Lokacin da wannan al'amari ya faru, za a samar da wani nau'i mai girma mai girma da kuma ingantaccen abin da ake kira "mafi mahimmanci" a saman membrane, wanda ke hana aiwatar da aiwatar da tsarin juyayi na baya. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙaddamarwar ƙaddamarwa zai ƙara matsa lamba mai sauƙi a kan fuskar membrane, kuma za a rage ƙarfin motsa jiki na tsarin osmosis na baya, wanda zai haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ruwa da kuma rage yawan ruwa. Lokacin da maida hankali ya yi tsanani, wasu gishiri narkar da dan kadan za su yi hazo da sikeli a saman membrane. Don guje wa karkatar da hankali, hanyar da ta dace ita ce sanya kwararar ruwa mai tada hankali koyaushe yana kula da yanayin tashin hankali, wato, ta hanyar ƙara yawan kwararar mashigai don ƙara yawan kwararar ruwa mai tada hankali, ta yadda zazzagewar micro-narke. gishiri akan farfajiyar membrane yana raguwa zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci; Bugu da ƙari, bayan an rufe na'urar maganin ruwan osmosis na baya, ruwan da aka tattara a gefen ruwan da aka maye gurbin ya kamata a wanke cikin lokaci.
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